Movie analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Movie analysis - Assignment Example The movie therefore provides an analysis of events in prisons across Russia and other parts of the world. According to Z?iz?ek (2011), one of the most interesting sequence in the movie is when Kyle and 451 gain each other’s trust after a plot to have 451 (Taylor) kill Kyle. The sequence shows different stylistic styles used in the movie. The producer uses different styles of form in this sequence. For instance, the movie uses both bright and dark colors showing Kyle and 451 sitting on their beds in one of the nights. The different colors depicted include the prisoners’ yellow clothes, the dark colored beddings and cell floors. The lightness of the color used causes an illumination of the walls of the cells. However, the value of the color changes from light to dark as the producer portrays different angles of shots taken. This sequence shows both positive and negative space. Positive space refers to light that illuminates Kyle and 451’s cell. This light reflects on the cell’s walls. The positive space also emanates from the guards’ spotlight. These guards are conducting their daily night shifts’ patrols. The use of shallow and deep space is also evident in this sequence. The type of space used varies with the angles of shots. The piece components in this sequence mainly appears in three-dimensional form. This sequence’s setting is in the prison’s cells. The sequence occurs at night when the prisoners are sleeping after taking their supper. Kyle and 451 are sitting on their beds while conversing in low tones confirms that this sequence occurs during the night. There are only two characters in this sequence. There are two beds for each of the inmates with one bed above the other. A small table exits beside the wall on the furthest point of the cell’s entrance. Kyle has a well-coiffured dark hair and dons a white vest. Both men are muscular although 451 has grey hair different from Kyle’s dark h air. Both men seems to gain each other’s trust since they appear relaxed and understands one another very well. The two plan their next course of actions further indicating the mutual understanding between the two inmates. The shots used in this sequence are majorly close-up and medium shots with no use of long shots. The locked steel doors of the cell occur in foreground while the cell’s walls and the table beside the wall form the background. This sequence highlights one of the major characteristics of prisons that is, plot by prison guards to murder some of the inmates. 451(Taylor) is famous for killing inmates and therefore the guards plan to use him to murder Kyle. The guards put Kyle into a solitary confinement after involving in a fight with one of the inmates who provoked him in a similar manner as the wife’s murderer. In order to have Kyle killed; the guards transfer him to a cell inhabited by 451 (Z?iz?ek, 2011). However, this plot for 451 to kill Kyle fails when the two develop an understanding and become friends to the amusement of the guards. The sequence, which leads to 451 and Kyle’s escape, is one of the major sequences with significant artistic styles and features. This sequence occurs during the day when Kyle and Miloc cause a riot with the guards. This sequence involves only Kyle and 451 at the beginning. This sequence occurs in the prison halls in the fighting ring where Kyle and Miloc were to fight. Unlike the first one, this sequence

Salem Witch Trials (US HISTORY) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Salem Witch Trials (US HISTORY) - Research Paper Example 17th century North America was characterized by beliefs in supernatural powers. People believed that supernatural beings played a role in everyday life. There was also strong believes that Satan was active on earth. The concept of supernatural beings emerged from Europe and quickly spread to North America during the period of colonization. It was believed that peasants practiced witchcraft by invoking charms for agriculture and farming. The principles of white magic moved to dark magic. This was associated with evil spirits and demons. Witchcraft persecutions became a common event in Massachusetts because people associated witchcraft with the devil. Most women and men in Salem believed that the misfortunes experienced in the society were related to the work of Satan and his agents on earth (Fradin and Dennis 51). The agents were believed to be witches and were accused of overseeing occurrences such as the death of an infant, crop failure and disasters. King James II placed Sir Edmund Andros as the governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony after the Royal Charter was vacated in 1684. In 1689, the new governor was overthrown following a revolution called the Glorious Revolution. The revolution ousted King James II and replaced him with a protestant ruler. The new ruler lacked the constitutional power or authority to rule. After the king was overthrown, disputes emerged between the colonial settlers in North America. The tensions led to a war in which a number of English settlers were repeatedly attacked (Goss 18). The war forced the settlers to leave their settlements and seek refuge in Essex County. Later, a charter for a bigger Province in Massachusetts was given. In the absence of a valid charter to rule the colony, the colonialists and their administrators did not have a legitimate government that could handle capital cases. Massachusetts had a village called Salem Village that was known for internal disputes. The

Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization to Economy

Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization to Economy Introduction Globalization in the world of business is the process of intertwining markets all around the world by means of businesses extending their influence and operation on a global scale driving cross-border trade and investment (The Levin Institute, 2014). It includes the spreading and influencing of â€Å"world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture† (Al-Rodhan, 2006). The rapid advancement of it, aided by the assimilation of global transportation, communication and advancing technology affects the â€Å"environment, culture, political systems, economic development and human physical well beings in societies† they reside in (The Levin Institute, 2014). The act of globalization brings about a wealth of benefits to both guest and host countries worldwide. This includes but not extensively â€Å"employment, education, product quality, cheaper prices, improved communication, transportation, and economic growth through free movement of capital, international trade and GDP increase† (Lovekar, 2013). Although beneficial, it inadvertently also bring about an abundance of detrimental factors. Some major issues comprise â€Å"health issues, loss of culture, uneven wealth distribution, environment degradation, disparity, conflicts†, and many others (Lovekar, 2013). An example being the alluring promise of allowing impoverished countries to develop economically through globalization inadvertently brings about the benefit of low-cost production from a detriment of instituting an under paid labor force. Considering the involvement of factors such as these (which will be further elaborated using various case studies in the report to follow), we can see that developed countries that are the ones leading the charge of globalization, hold the control and power to implement the way globalization is carried out. Therefore these countries should implement the policy on globalization by first taking a bigger step through advancing a deeper knowledge to understanding the impacts, and work towards solving problems and harmonizing the dividends across all parties affected by the monster of globalization (The Levin Institute, 2014). Advantages of globalization International trade International trade has contributed to the growth of U.S. economy in many areas. The export is valued at $2.2 trillion in 2012 and has created up to 38 million job opportunities in the state. This profit made from the trade will inadvertently trickle down the hierarchy and also help to raise the salary and wealth of the people. Looking at the large amount of exports from U.S, we can deduce that international trade has allowed the expansion of business mechanization and the advancement of technology which inadvertently has helped businesses to maintain and keep up with competitors all around the world. As the U.S. Chamber of Commerce (2014) points out, international trade through importing brings in a series of advantages such as providing an increased variety of goods that are not obtainable within the U.S. and make available all year round, products such as harvested crops that are not procurable from the country itself during certain seasons in the year. Moreover, it inadvertently helps to increase the domestic expenditure as they bring competitive prices that raise the spending ability of the regular American, which eventually also contributes to the economy of U.S.. Through importing as well, manufacturing companies are able to purchase raw materials for production that are not readily available in the country and on certain occasions at cheaper rates that will improve the profit margin (U.S.Chamber of Commerce, 2014). Therefore, we can see the importance of international trade and how the opening up of markets to foreign exchange benefits the country, as it allows goods and services to be traded with ease, concurrently increasing job opportunities and boosting economic growth. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Singapore’s Integrated Resorts, Marina bay sands (MBS) and Resorts World Sentosa (RWS) are the main attractions for the tourism industry, and are the results of successful foreign direct investments. The tourism sector with these new attractions have brought in up to 13.2 million visitors and profited from $22.3 billion worth of tourist’s spending in 2011 alone. This has significantly contributed to not only the tourism industry but also to a substantial economic growth in Singapore. The FDI in this establishment of the Integrated Resorts project has contributed up to 40,000 job employments in sectors such as retail and Food and Beverage (FB). It has also trickled down and inadvertently helped to retain Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) that are mainly outsourced to provide goods and services to the tourism industry such as transportation, laundry and floral services (Ministry of Trade and Industry Singapore, 2012). As shown in the graph by HSBC, FDI increased instead of plummeting during the financial crises and that allowed Singapore to continue to bring up the economy during this time of trouble where it would be overwhelming otherwise. (Singapore Business Review, 2010) Capital flow In 2013 Nestle, originally from Switzerland, expanded its research and development (RD) centre in Singapore. The company invested up to $5 million in this RD expansion and will create up to 20 more jobs while continuing its employment strategy of procuring expertise from a global workforce (Yan, 2013). Its establishment here has brought not only a spike of economic growth during the company’s time here, but also a decent pool of skillful and knowledgeable workers to Singapore’s labor market, and advanced technology in the field that will inadvertently aid in the growth of Singapore’s expertise in the area and provide a larger platform for future expansion. Recently, Nestle has announced that they are going to increase the capital flow by widening its RD project in the form of more â€Å"manpower, resources and investment† (Grosse, 2014). Investments has been pumped into a project to build up food and nutrition RD since January, consisting of a partnership with Singapore’s Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) (Grosse, 2014). With more capital flowing in to invest in such projects, Singapore would definitely benefit from this economic growth. Disadvantages of globalization Human costs Apple is known as the most successful and wealthiest company due to its manufacturing that is done globally. However, what Apple fails to disclose is that the major production of the devices came from China sweatshops. In order to meet the global demands of production set by the management in a given timeframe, workers from the Apple manufacturing factory in Chengdu said that they were forced to work long hours, almost seven days a week, in harsh environments which resulted in the straining of workers’ health. Apart from that, there have been serious cases of abuse such as child labour and inappropriate employee’s welfare. All these factors have concocted a hazardous environment that resulted in two blasts within the manufacturing factory itself, consequently bringing about fatality as no proper safety measurements were taken. Apple at that point in time had a narrow vision of company profit and growth, and that resulted in the company procuring methods that will increase the profit margin regardless of ethics, and one of the targets was low-cost production. This inadvertently brought about the neglect of their 120,000 worker’s welfare (Duhigg and Barboza, 2012). Companies from developed countries tend to take advantage of workers from developing countries in order to meet their aggressive demand. This happens due to racism, the feeling of superiority brought about by the factors such as the workers are a lower class due to the education level of developing countries and even because they are not of their own nationality. Pollution As China is on the rise to become a large economic power, they have inadvertently contributed to a huge environmental impact on the world. China has increasingly become one of the countries chosen by many of its developed counterparts for factory establishment due to its ability to produce goods with low costs. However, with the increased number of factories setting up in China, it has resulted in the release of a huge amount of poisonous industrial gases into the air causing air pollution. In the study by â€Å"The Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences†,the release of such gases is connected to the large exports in China. The pollution has not only affected their neighbouring countries decreasing the quality of air but it has also spread over to the United States, causing haze in the westcoast. In order to curb this pollution created by China, Lane and Stromberg (2014) suggested that it is a necessity for countries to come together and make a stand through subduing â€Å"global political tensions† and the goal of â€Å"short-term economic incentives† that prevents cooperation.And as mentioned in the reading, this increasing rate of the air pollution, would result in the deterioration in the health of the Chinese and eventually the people at the rest of the world. (Lane and Stromberg, 2014) Insecurity and violence China’s recent movement of placing an oil rig near to Vietnam has caused an anti-china riot in Vietnam. This brought up a sensitive issue regarding the ownership of the area in which the oil rig was parked at. The action has since resulted in many Vietnamese protestors reacting violently through the destruction and burning down of many factories that are owned by FDI. As Vietnamese protestors could not differentiate the different nationalities, they unintentionally affected many FDI companies that are actually owned by Taiwanese or South Korean businessmen. Many factories operating in the area were forced to shut down and with businesses continually disrupted the violence caused a huge decline in income. Vietnamese protestors have been known to be targeting and attacking the Chinese employees as well. In which the riots have resulted in almost two fatalities while leaving many other Chinese nationals injured. Due to this continuous violence many Chinese were sent back to China for safety reasons (Whiteman, 2014). With many establishments of FDI businesses in global countries, it will cause its nation people to feel a sense of insecurity of others invading their country. As depicted in the recent China and Vietnam dispute, all it takes is such sensitive matter to spark all these insecurities. Conclusion As mentioned above, globalization has proven to greatly contribute to the country’s economic growth in both developed and developing countries. It has not only created a substantial number of job opportunities around the world, it simultaneously allows the distribution of technology and knowledge between countries that are essential for their economy’s advancement. Globalisation is also a crucial for developing countries as the input from other countries aids in the faster and continuous development of the country. However, while countries are enjoying the fruits of the economy’s growth, there are consequences that appear a result of globalization mostly affecting the developing countries. As mentioned earlier, globalization has resulted in issues such as violating human rights, environment pollution and distrust among countries. With globalization constantly growing and here to stay, more concerns would arise. With the rise of globalization, it has created a disparity between countries in today’s world. This is because while some countries are proving to be hubs where investments continually pour in for that purpose, resulting in rapid economic growth, other countries that are not as attractive and less developed are struggling to keep up. Developing countries are gradually becoming the generator of the developed countries’ economy growth and instead of growing together, the economic gap between these countries continues to widen. A global wealth report in 2013 said that wealthiest 10% of the global population possesses 86% of world’s wealth while the bottom half of the rest possess less than 1%. As compared to developed countries which reports show an average of a $100,000 wealth per person, the standard wealth of each person in the less developed countries was $5,000 or less (Appiah, 2014). In a report from 2012, it is said that the world’s population is made up of 82.5% who resides in less developed countries. This further shows that there are huge gaps in the wealth distribution between the developed and developing countries. It also means globalization while beneficial to the economy of developed countries, is inadvertently creating a larger disparity and straining the economic growth in the developing countries. Furthermore, globalization implicates internal problems within a country to the countries in which their businesses reside in. With the global economy differences, it creates social imbalance where people from both developed and developing countries hold different status and wealth, causing opportunities to be extended out only to the ones who can afford it (Appiah, 2014). Workers from developing countries working for these foreign companies feel that they are of lower status as compared to them. Due to the disparity, people from the developing countries feel disadvantaged and discontentment, which in an extreme example resulted in the act of terrorism, aimed at developed countries (Appiah, 2014). The rise of globalization would also mean more foreign companies establishment in developing countries which will increase a deeper sense of insecurity among its people in these countries. An example would be the significant U.S. September 11 attacks in 2001 whereby the New Yorks World Trad e Center towers were being hit by planes that were hijacked by terrorist which eventually affected the world’s economic and global assurance (BBC, n.d.). Violence is viewed as a repercussion of extensive inequality, affecting and compromising the world’s safety (Appiah, 2014). Therefore, globalization might be beneficial to the developed countries initially. However, with the rise of globalization, it would widen the gap that is of major disadvantage to the world, and this inequality would inadvertently cause tension that will lead to belligerent situations between countries.

Love and Hate in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet :: Free Romeo and Juliet Essays

'Romeo and Juliet' is a play written by William Shakespeare. A prologue is included at the start of the play, which portrays the tragedy between 'star-cross'd lovers'. Elizabethans believed that their fate is in the stars and the prologue increases the anticipation as it shows the way they are destined. Shakespeare has also included devices to dramatise the themes of love and hate throughout the play. In Elizabethan times the audience were involved in the ongoing play. Shakespeare involves the audience in scenes such as the ballroom scene (Act 1, Scene 5.) In Act 1, Scene 5 Romeo enters an enemy?s ball where he and Juliet fall in love for the first time, which angers Tybalt. At the end of Act 1, Scene 4 the mood is foreboding as Romeo believes that things could go wrong at the ball which he was to intrude on. He shows his fear by saying: ?I fear to early, for my mind misgive some consequences yet hanging in the stars? Romeo shows his fear by saying ?fear too early?. This suggests that he believes something there was something not right which made him highly anxious. There is a use of dramatic irony as the audience already know that there was to be problems because of the prologue, which makes keeps the interest from the audience. Elizabethans believed that their fate and destiny is written in the stars. The phrase ?hanging in the stars? which Romeo commented to himself, implies his destiny is in the stars, and it also suggests that because it is in the stars then the Elizabethan audience know definitely that here are going to be ?consequences?. In the beginning of Act, Scene 5 the mood changes from worrying to joyful, as the guests begin to enter the ball which is held by Capulet who is welcoming them. The mood is uplifting because the party is ready to start. The joyful mood is shown when Capulet says: ?Welcome, Gentlemen! Ladies that have toes Unplagu?d with corns will walk a bout with you.? The mood has changed quite drastically from the end of Act 1, Scene 4 to Act 1, Scene 5. This is show by when Capulet is welcoming people to the ball, ?Welcome, Gentlemen!? His excitement showed through the exclamation mark, which suggests that Capulet is full of energy which would lift the spirits of anyone who was to enter. The quotation creates the image of people bustling in, smiling and ready for the party.

New Urbanism

{text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} New Urbanism New Urbanism is a relatively recent architectural and social design principle to leave its mark {text:change} {text:change} on United States society. Many past contributing factors present in society {text:change} {text:change} have lead some Americans {text:change} {text:change} to call {text:change} {text:change} for the implementation of a New Urbanism way of life in recent years. After defining and {text:change} discussing exactly what New Urbanism is, I will {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} delve deeper into the movement in an attempt to uncover {text:change} {text:change} what this new movement is a response to. This, in turn, will help to identify some of the problems current suburbs face today. As defined by scholars, the term â€Å"New Urbanism† refers to â€Å"an intellectual movement of architects and planners that is opposed to the normative growth patterns of our society† (Gottdiener and Budd 96). Simply defined, one can think of the New Urbanism way of life as a rebellion against the way society has expanded into vast suburbs. New Urbanists do not like the concept of an automobile based suburbia. They believe that their neighborhoods should be small, taking no more time than five minutes to reach the neighborhood center {text:change} {text:change} from the boundaries of the neighborhood (Gottdiener and Budd 96). In addition, New {text:change} Urbanists believe that their societies should have a diverse selection of shops, parks, schools, and churches easily accessible to all (without an automobile) (Gottdiener and Budd 96). New Urbanists want to return to the way cities were {text:change} before American society was forever changed by the invention of the automobile. In order to achieve this objective {text:change} {text:change} , sidewalks and public transportation must connect dwellings with businesses, {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} thereby eliminating the need for daily use of the automobile as the essential means of transportation. Now that we {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} have an understanding {text:change} {text:change} of exactly what New Urbanism is, it is natural to question what led its early adopters in the 1980s to create or look favorably upon its implementation The {text:change} {text:change} roots of the New Urbanism movement can be traced back to the period after World War II and possibly earlier. When the automobile transitioned more from an idea {text:change} to large -scale roduction in the early 1900s, little did anybody know the widespread impact a simple transportation mechanism would have on American society. Life, as it was known then, would never be the same. Before the invention of the automobile, cities in America existed much like the neighborhood communities that {text:change} the New Urbanism movement hopes to bring back . {text:change} {text:change} As the number {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} of automobiles in society life increased, {text:change} the need for close proximity of necessary businesses and workplaces to the automobile owning family decreased . As Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk stated in their 1993 article regarding New Urbanism, â€Å"the suburbs and cities of today continue to separate the naturally integrated human activities of dwelling, working, shopping, schooling, worshiping, and recreating† (Duany and Plater-Zyberk 196). The automobile has helped to separate these critical establishments from the American household. The {text:change} authors infer that the increased importance of the automobile has led to an exponential rising of the amount of funding for {text:change} roadwork {text:change} while the amount of funding for civic programs has been reduced. Civic programs are crucial to the American society, economy, and environment (Duany and Plater-Zyberk 196). Such a shift towards increased emphasis on funding road {text:change} {text:change} work can be seen in the recent Economic Stimulus Bill passed by Congress and the President. Over $130 billion will be spent on the improvement and building of roads and bridges, which further highlight the relative importance of {text:change} {text:change} the automobile in American society. The other main {text:change} factor that lead to {text:change} {text:change} the birth of {text:change} {text:change} the New Urbanism movement is the suburban sprawl that accompanied the end of World War II. Sprawl, as defined by M. Gottdiener and Leslie Budd, is the â€Å"’haphazard growth’ of relative low density over an extended region, with residential units dominated by {text:change} single-family homes† (Gottdiener and Budd 145). Simply stated {text:change} {text:change} , sprawl is the exodus of citizens from the city into the outlying areas. Sprawl has lead to the creation {text:change} {text:change} of residential areas without much, if any, planning. This lack of planning usually results in the {text:change} {text:change} essential components of a {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} neighborhood being located far from the residential areas. Urban {text:change} {text:change} sprawl can have a tremendous {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} negative {text:change} {text:change} impact on the city neighborhoods that are left behind when citizens move to the suburbs. The {text:change} article entitled â€Å"From Institutional to Jobless Ghettos† by William Julius Wilson highlights this key point when referencing a quote from Loic Wacquant, a member of the Urban Poverty and Family Life Study. Wacquant said that â€Å"residents remember a time, not so long ago, when crowds were so dense at rush hour that one had to elbow one’s way to the train station – now have the appearance of an empty, bom bed-out war zone† when referencing the Woodlawn neighborhood in Chicago (Wilson 112). This effect is something that the New Urbanism movement is {text:change} {text:change} trying to correct. By {text:change} {text:change} attempting to counteract the effects of sprawl on society, suburban residential neighborhoods can be planned into New Urbanistic neighborhoods. Many city planners and architects have already attempted to do this. Some of the most famous New Urbanistic societies are the towns of Celebration, Florida and Seaside, Florida. text:change} {text:change} It is important to remember that just because architects and planners build a New Urbanistic neighborhood, that doesn’t necessarily mean {text:change} that, the residents of that neighborhood will live in the New Urbanistic way. For example, in Celebration, Florida there has not been an increase in sociability amongst {text:change} {text:change} strangers {text:change} {text:change} despite the fact that the dwellings have porches (Gottdiener and Budd 97). Gottdiener and Budd then go on to infer that just because you place suburbanites in a New Urbanistic society, that doesn’t mean that the residents will drop their suburban-like tendencies (Gottdiener and Budd 97). New Urbanism is a fairly new ideology that is opposed to the way in which society has grown during the past century. The underlying causes behind the formation of the New Urbanism movement can be traced back to the invention of the automobile and the pattern of urban sprawl that took place in most, if not all, major cities around the country shortly after World War II. New Urbanism strives {text:change} {text:change} for a societal efficiency that increases social networks while decreasing the idea {text:change} {text:change} of spreading out the neighborhood. Although New Urbanism seeks to address the problems caused by this urban {text:change} {text:change} sprawl growth pattern through architecture, it will likely take more than a different architectural design to change the long ingrained {text:change} {text:change} mindset of the automobile driven suburban citizen. text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} Works Cited Duany, Andres and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk. â€Å"The Neighborhood, the District, and the Corridor. † The City Reader. 4thEd. Richard T. LeGates and Fredric Stout. New York, NY: Routledge, 2007. Print. Gottdiener, M. , and Leslie Budd. Key Concepts in Urban Studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Inc, 2005. Print. Wilson, William Julius. â€Å"From Institutional to Jobless Ghettos. † The City Reade r. 4th Ed. Richard T. LeGates and Fredric Stout. New York, NY: Routledge, 2007. Print. New Urbanism Is New Urbanism really important in the development of our society or community? This question may come across to each individual who pays attention and concern to the progress of our society. According to a website name Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia it stated that â€Å"new urbanism† is an urban design movement whose popularity increased in the 1980s and early 1990s. Its goal is to bring change in all aspects of real estate development and urban planning.There are many reasons why new urbanism is significant. According to Jacky Grimshaw on his website, it advocates the importance of new urbanism. It stated that new urbanism is important because it gives real choices for people just like transportation, location where to live and access to opportunity.New urbanist shows support to regional planning for open space, appropriate architecture and planning, and the balanced development of jobs and housing. As we all know that United States was developed in the form of compact, m ixed-used neighborhoods in the first quarter of the 20th century. A new system of development was imposed through out the nation, replacing neighborhoods with a rigorous separation of uses which was popularly known as suburban development or sprawl and was happened after the World War II. Most of the US citizens adopted the suburban or sprawl.Suburban development carries a significant price even though for a fact that it has been known. In spite of the slow population growth of the countryside, the conventional suburban development spreads out to consume large areas of countryside (See New Urbanism. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_urbanism#Background).*Sprawl and its Related Problems*Urban renewal has played a significant role in cities worldwide such as Saint John, New Brunswick, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Glasgow, Scotland and Bilbao, Spain, Canary Wharf, in London and Cardiff Bay in Cardiff. It has had a great impact on the urban landscape and still present until to this ver y day. Urban renewal or new urbanism is controversial because it suggests the use of eminent domain law force reclaiming private property for civic projects (See Urban Renewal. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_renewal).New urbanism is a reaction to sprawl (Wikipedia, free encyclopedia). Sprawl was defined as the process in which the spread of development across the landscape far outpaces population growth. The landscape sprawl makes four dimensions and these are:* A population that is widely dispersed in low density development* Rigidly separated homes, shops, and workplaces* A network of roads marked by huge blocks and poor access* And a lack of well-defined, thriving activity centers, such as town centers and downtowns.1People live in more sprawl regions tend to drive greater distances, breathe more polluted air, own more cars, face greater risk of traffic fatalities and walk and use transit less.2In United States, most of the Americans who live in the metropolitan live in a mon o-detached homes and commute to work by automobile.3 But there is one state in United States which is considered as America’s sole urban center where important fraction of the population lives in apartment, works downtown and commutes by public transit and this state is New York.4Even new urbanism has helped in developing our way of life; new urbanism has drawn criticism from all quarters of the political spectrum. Some environmentalists criticize new urbanism as nothing more than sprawl dressed up with superficial stylistic cues.5 These critics of new urbanism often charge it of elevating aesthetic over practicality, subordinating good city planning principles to urban design dogma.6In addition, according to Matthew E. Khan (March 2006) that sprawl’s critiques often argue that suburbanization may offer private benefits but that it imposes social costs. This â€Å"cost of sprawl† literature posits that there are many unintended consequences of the pursuit of the â€Å"American Dream† that range from increased traffic congestion, urban air pollution, greenhouse gas revenues, and denying the urban poor access to employment opportunities (See The Benefits of Sprawl. http://greeneconomics.blogspot.com/2006/03/benefits-of-sprawl.html).  In a research made by Anthony Downs (August 1999), he mentioned that many  urban economists think these growth-related problems as caused mainly by â€Å"market failures† which means failing to charge people who benefit from sprawl the true costs of the decisions they make that contribute to sprawl. He also added that it â€Å"under-prices† those decisions and encourages over-expansion into low-density settlements. He sets three examples and these are:* failing to charge commuters a money toll for driving during peak hours to offset the time-loss burdens they impose on others in the form of congestion.* failing to charge residents of low-density suburbs the full social costs of removing land from open space and agricultural uses.* failing to charge high enough land costs for new low-density peripheral subdivisions to take account of the real costs of adding the infrastructures required to service those subdivisions (See Some Realities About Sprawl and Urban Decline. www.anthonydowns.com/sprawlrealities.PDF).But the economists were able to make a proposal how to solve the â€Å"market failures† and these are:* Peak-hour road tolls on major commuting arteries.* A development tax on land converted from agricultural to urban uses.* Impact fees on all new developments. (See www.anthonydowns.com/sprawlrealities.PDF).Below is the most sprawling, residential density made by Reid Ewing, Rolf Pendall and Don Chen (See http://www.smartgrowthamerica.com/sprawlindex/MeasuringSprawl.PDF).Centeredness Score RankVallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA PMSA  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   40.9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1Riverside-San Bernardino, CA PMSA  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   41.4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2Tampa-St.Petersburg-Clearwater, FL MSA  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   51.9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach- FL MSA  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   53.9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4Oxnard-Ventura, CA PMSA  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   55.5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5Oakland, CA PMSA  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   57.6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   6Gary-Hammond, IN PMSA  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   61.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   7Detroit, MI PMSA  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   63.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   8Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point, NC MSA  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   69.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   9Anaheim-Santa Ana, CA PMSA  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   72.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   10I think there is nothing wrong if we embrace sprawl or new urbanism concept because it helps to develop our country especially when it comes to our country’s facilities even there are related-problems arise. But taking those steps goes with responsibilities. Each individual and our government must know how to h andle related-problems and find its remedies related to sprawl.References1. Reid Ewing, Rolf Pendall, and Don Chen. Measuring Sprawl and its impact. http://www.smartgrowthamerica.com/sprawlindex/MeasuringSprawl.PDF.2.   New Urbanism. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_urbanism3. Matthew Khan. The Benefits of Sprawl. Tufts University, March 2006. http://greeneconomics.blogspot.com/2006/03/benefits-of-sprawl.html.4. Anthony Downs. Some Realities about Sprawl and Urban Decline. http://www.anthonydowns.com/sprawlrealities.PDF. New Urbanism {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} New Urbanism New Urbanism is a relatively recent architectural and social design principle to leave its mark {text:change} {text:change} on United States society. Many past contributing factors present in society {text:change} {text:change} have lead some Americans {text:change} {text:change} to call {text:change} {text:change} for the implementation of a New Urbanism way of life in recent years. After defining and {text:change} discussing exactly what New Urbanism is, I will {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} delve deeper into the movement in an attempt to uncover {text:change} {text:change} what this new movement is a response to. This, in turn, will help to identify some of the problems current suburbs face today. As defined by scholars, the term â€Å"New Urbanism† refers to â€Å"an intellectual movement of architects and planners that is opposed to the normative growth patterns of our society† (Gottdiener and Budd 96). Simply defined, one can think of the New Urbanism way of life as a rebellion against the way society has expanded into vast suburbs. New Urbanists do not like the concept of an automobile based suburbia. They believe that their neighborhoods should be small, taking no more time than five minutes to reach the neighborhood center {text:change} {text:change} from the boundaries of the neighborhood (Gottdiener and Budd 96). In addition, New {text:change} Urbanists believe that their societies should have a diverse selection of shops, parks, schools, and churches easily accessible to all (without an automobile) (Gottdiener and Budd 96). New Urbanists want to return to the way cities were {text:change} before American society was forever changed by the invention of the automobile. In order to achieve this objective {text:change} {text:change} , sidewalks and public transportation must connect dwellings with businesses, {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} thereby eliminating the need for daily use of the automobile as the essential means of transportation. Now that we {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} have an understanding {text:change} {text:change} of exactly what New Urbanism is, it is natural to question what led its early adopters in the 1980s to create or look favorably upon its implementation The {text:change} {text:change} roots of the New Urbanism movement can be traced back to the period after World War II and possibly earlier. When the automobile transitioned more from an idea {text:change} to large -scale roduction in the early 1900s, little did anybody know the widespread impact a simple transportation mechanism would have on American society. Life, as it was known then, would never be the same. Before the invention of the automobile, cities in America existed much like the neighborhood communities that {text:change} the New Urbanism movement hopes to bring back . {text:change} {text:change} As the number {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} of automobiles in society life increased, {text:change} the need for close proximity of necessary businesses and workplaces to the automobile owning family decreased . As Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk stated in their 1993 article regarding New Urbanism, â€Å"the suburbs and cities of today continue to separate the naturally integrated human activities of dwelling, working, shopping, schooling, worshiping, and recreating† (Duany and Plater-Zyberk 196). The automobile has helped to separate these critical establishments from the American household. The {text:change} authors infer that the increased importance of the automobile has led to an exponential rising of the amount of funding for {text:change} roadwork {text:change} while the amount of funding for civic programs has been reduced. Civic programs are crucial to the American society, economy, and environment (Duany and Plater-Zyberk 196). Such a shift towards increased emphasis on funding road {text:change} {text:change} work can be seen in the recent Economic Stimulus Bill passed by Congress and the President. Over $130 billion will be spent on the improvement and building of roads and bridges, which further highlight the relative importance of {text:change} {text:change} the automobile in American society. The other main {text:change} factor that lead to {text:change} {text:change} the birth of {text:change} {text:change} the New Urbanism movement is the suburban sprawl that accompanied the end of World War II. Sprawl, as defined by M. Gottdiener and Leslie Budd, is the â€Å"’haphazard growth’ of relative low density over an extended region, with residential units dominated by {text:change} single-family homes† (Gottdiener and Budd 145). Simply stated {text:change} {text:change} , sprawl is the exodus of citizens from the city into the outlying areas. Sprawl has lead to the creation {text:change} {text:change} of residential areas without much, if any, planning. This lack of planning usually results in the {text:change} {text:change} essential components of a {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} neighborhood being located far from the residential areas. Urban {text:change} {text:change} sprawl can have a tremendous {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} negative {text:change} {text:change} impact on the city neighborhoods that are left behind when citizens move to the suburbs. The {text:change} article entitled â€Å"From Institutional to Jobless Ghettos† by William Julius Wilson highlights this key point when referencing a quote from Loic Wacquant, a member of the Urban Poverty and Family Life Study. Wacquant said that â€Å"residents remember a time, not so long ago, when crowds were so dense at rush hour that one had to elbow one’s way to the train station – now have the appearance of an empty, bom bed-out war zone† when referencing the Woodlawn neighborhood in Chicago (Wilson 112). This effect is something that the New Urbanism movement is {text:change} {text:change} trying to correct. By {text:change} {text:change} attempting to counteract the effects of sprawl on society, suburban residential neighborhoods can be planned into New Urbanistic neighborhoods. Many city planners and architects have already attempted to do this. Some of the most famous New Urbanistic societies are the towns of Celebration, Florida and Seaside, Florida. text:change} {text:change} It is important to remember that just because architects and planners build a New Urbanistic neighborhood, that doesn’t necessarily mean {text:change} that, the residents of that neighborhood will live in the New Urbanistic way. For example, in Celebration, Florida there has not been an increase in sociability amongst {text:change} {text:change} strangers {text:change} {text:change} despite the fact that the dwellings have porches (Gottdiener and Budd 97). Gottdiener and Budd then go on to infer that just because you place suburbanites in a New Urbanistic society, that doesn’t mean that the residents will drop their suburban-like tendencies (Gottdiener and Budd 97). New Urbanism is a fairly new ideology that is opposed to the way in which society has grown during the past century. The underlying causes behind the formation of the New Urbanism movement can be traced back to the invention of the automobile and the pattern of urban sprawl that took place in most, if not all, major cities around the country shortly after World War II. New Urbanism strives {text:change} {text:change} for a societal efficiency that increases social networks while decreasing the idea {text:change} {text:change} of spreading out the neighborhood. Although New Urbanism seeks to address the problems caused by this urban {text:change} {text:change} sprawl growth pattern through architecture, it will likely take more than a different architectural design to change the long ingrained {text:change} {text:change} mindset of the automobile driven suburban citizen. text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} Works Cited Duany, Andres and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk. â€Å"The Neighborhood, the District, and the Corridor. † The City Reader. 4thEd. Richard T. LeGates and Fredric Stout. New York, NY: Routledge, 2007. Print. Gottdiener, M. , and Leslie Budd. Key Concepts in Urban Studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Inc, 2005. Print. Wilson, William Julius. â€Å"From Institutional to Jobless Ghettos. † The City Reade r. 4th Ed. Richard T. LeGates and Fredric Stout. New York, NY: Routledge, 2007. Print.

Zczxc

The managerial grid model (1964), developed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton, is a behavioral leadership model. The model is an excellent way to map out different leadership styles, and an excellent way to evaluate the leadership performed by leaders and managers. This model identifies five different leadership styles based on the  concern for people  and theconcern for production. It is important to remember that none of the concerns are right or wrong, and the concerns are ideally balanced to the respective situational context of leadership. The model is graphically illustrated at the end of the article. Concern for People  relates to the degree to which a leader considers needs of employees and team members before deciding how to accomplish a task. A high degree of concern could be coupled to a more democratic leadership style, whereas a low concern for people could be coupled to an autocratic leadership style. * Concern for Production  relates to the degree to which a lead er emphasizes production effectiveness and efficiency when deciding how best to accomplish tasks. By charting the position in the grid it is possible to diagnose which leadership style is being performed, and to evaluate the appropriateness of the style of leadership.The five different leadership styles found in the managerial grid are presented below: Country Club Leadership – High Concern for People/Low Concern for Production   A country club leader is mostly concerned about the needs and feelings of his/her employees or team members. This leader probably supposes that members of the organization will work hard if the feel happy and secure. However, production may suffer under this leadership style, and the effectiveness of the organization may suffer due to a lack of direct supervision and control.Produce or Perish Leadership – High Concern for Production/Low Concern for People   A produce or perish leader is very concerned about production effectiveness, and pr obably sees workers as means to achieve great results. This leader also sees workforce needs as secondary to the need of a productive and efficient workplace. He/She might have very strict and autocratic work rules, and perhaps views punishment as the best motivational force. Impoverished Leadership – Low Concern for Production/ Low Concern for People   This leader is very ineffective.The leader has neither a high regard for creating efficient systems or rules to structure work processes, nor for creating a motivated or satisfied work environment. The result of this leadership style could be a highly disorganized workplace with low satisfaction and motivation. Middle of the Road Leadership – Medium Concern for Production/Medium Concern for People   This style tries to balance the two competing concerns. It tries to compromise different needs, and may seem as a great solution. However, when compromising, leaders risk that neither the concern for people nor the conce rn for production is fully met.This may lead to average performance, where top results may not be achieved. Workers may end up moderately motivated and satisfied, and production may only become moderately effective. Team Leadership – High Concern for Production/High Concern for People   According to the Blake Mouton model, this is the best and most effective leadership style. These leaders both stress the importance of workforce needs and production needs. This leader manages to engulf workers into the importance of production efficiency, and manages to motivate employees.This creates an atmosphere of team spirit, where each team member is highly motivated and satisfied, which commits the worker to work hard and increase productivity. Use of the managerial grid Firstly, leaders should plot their own style into the managerial grid, and diagnose which leadership style they are conducting. Secondly, leaders can evaluate their leadership style, and assess if they could improve their leadership style in some way. Thirdly, leaders should put their leadership style into the respective situational context, and try to balance their leadership style to the needs found in the organization.The team leadership style may not be best in all situations, and some situations, like e. g. and economic crisis, might call for an entirely different style like e. g. a produce or perish leadership style. Leaders must therefore analyze which leadership style is called for, and afterwards analyze whether or not they conduct the most appropriate style. This analysis is therefore based on the different contingencies facing an organization, and leaders may use the knowledge fromContingency Theory  or the  PESTEL Framework  to analyze which leadership styles are most appropriate for the viability of the organization.

Illustration Essay Examples

Illustration Essay Examples Examples of an Illustration Essay What is an Illustration Essay? Purpose of an Illustrative Essay Differences between Narrative and Illustrative Essays Structure of an Illustrative Essay and Examples to Use Example of an Illustration Essay What is an Illustration Essay? Examples of an illustration essay are usually expressly chosen or written to show people how to write an illustration essay, and what these types of essays normally entail. Because of this, they are normally quite well-written and show the different parts of the essay clearly. An illustration essay is one which depends on examples with which to prove the thesis being made. To use one particular example, if the thesis statement of your illustrative essay is that the winter months cause most residents to hibernate, then the essay itself must contain several samples of proof of why the residents hibernate in winter. Writers could use facts such as the social events in any towns being poorly attended during this time, or the sheer volume of cars on the road during warmer months versus the colder ones. Illustrative essay examples do run the risk of seeming like narrative essays because they are known for being less formal and less rigid in structure than other essays. However, the informal nature of the essay means that people who are writing them have much more freedom when it comes to how they present their facts than if they had to write in another essay structure. Purpose of an Illustrative Essay Great examples of an illustration essay show one specific characteristic of the illustration essay itself. This special characteristic is providing a number of vivid illustration examples throughout the essay itself. Giving a number of illustrations is actually helping to keep the readers interested and involved. Good illustrative essay samples should show the aspect it is designed to show thoroughly – if it is the thesis statement, then the statement should be paramount to the illustrative essay example; the statement should be readily recognizable in both the introduction and the conclusion, and the sample should make it clear how every example given relates back to the thesis statement. Similarly, if the focus of the sample is to show the samples and proof more than anything else, then the focus should be entirely on them – how do they answer the thesis statement? Where did they come from? And so on. This can also lead to a sample paper which shows how the paper is best structured. While it will primarily focus on the proof that a student can gather for their essay, the focus is on showing how these proofs can be arranged in the most logical manner, and how they fit together to create an essay which illustrates things clearly. Differences between Narrative and Illustrative Essays If you think about narrative essay type of writing, you will find that writing an illustration essay is a lot like it, yet is should present many instances and visual examples. They are both the same in that they have more informal styles than the other essays which students are normally encouraged and asked to write, and they are both slightly freer about the structure that can be used. However, there are some fundamental differences which need to be discussed. Narrative essays tell a story, primarily – they are not there to prove or disprove a thesis. As such, they can be told in the past or present tense, and they can involve characters, people who don’t exist, and all manner of things which would not be found in another essay. Illustration essay samples, and by extension illustration essays themselves, have informal language and a more relaxed sentence structure, but they are always concerned with real and concrete ideas, which does limit what the essays themselves can be about. The main difference is that where narrative essays can be completely free in how they are structured, illustrative essays still need to make sense to anybody who is reading them; they need to connect in a way which helps people to understand the central issue, so there does need to be some semblance of structure. Structure of an Illustrative Essay and Examples to Use Another important aspect of any illustration essay is providing the most appealing, bright, mostly related to the topic illustration essay examples to win over your audience. Some features which are present in illustration paper examples are: Thesis statement – this is the most important part of the essay, as it is what the entire essay revolves around proving. It should appear first in the introduction, and then again in the conclusion, and be referred to at least once in each paragraph. Body paragraphs – these are where the meat of the essay comes in. Each paragraph should have one specific proof of why the thesis is true or false and explain it in detail while linking itself to the paragraph that came before, and the one that came after. Introduction/conclusion – these function as the opening and closing of the paper. They both sum up what is happening in the essay, and they both have the thesis statement in them. These paragraphs are what brings additional information to the essay, and what brings everything together, so they are important to have in the essays as a whole. Hypothetical examples illustrate a specific and typical type of examples yet they remain weak in showing a major illustration essay point. Typical examples are able to provide an instance of a common experience that many people had. Another type of instances that is being used is a specific type of examples. A specific example of illustration uses a personal experience or other people experience that is found to be dominant to present a key illustration essay example. Example of an Illustration Essay Illustration essay topic: How Can Students Develop Good Study Habits? Students need to develop good study habits if they are to reach their full potential in any course or degree. Good study habits are very useful for people in education, and they can be learned with enough repetition. These study habits can be learned through finding out what works for the individual student, getting into a routine, and making sure to change habits if the situation calls for it. There are a number of different study habits, so it is important for people to figure out which one works for them. While people can have to-do lists, or set deadlines, or use apps which block the time-consuming sites on our computers, it takes time to figure out what works for them individually, and what works for their education. Once people have found out what works best for them, they can practice these things until they become easier. Getting into a routine can take time, but the time is worth it. Making something into a habit can take some time, and that time can be difficult. It is difficult to take something new and make it into an established part of your day, especially if you need to use time which was spent on other things to do it. Habits are hard to form, but also hard to break, which can be useful for the future. Sometimes your needs change, and that can mean that your study habits need to change as well. If your workload increases or you take on extra shifts at work, or you move to somewhere further away from your classes, this can mean there is less time to study. If that is the case, you might find that you need to adapt your study habits to fit with the new routine you have. Sometimes our circumstances change, and we need to change with them. Good study habits are very useful for people in education, and they can be learned with enough repetition. Forming habits, finding what works for you as an individual, and making sure that you are flexible enough to change with your circumstances, are all part of what helps us to form good study habits. Ultimately, being flexible enough to find what works under different circumstances is what makes us better at studying, no matter what habits we pick up along the way.

Why did the Weimar Republic survive the crisis of 1918 1923 Essays

Why did the Weimar Republic survive the crisis of 1918 1923 Essays Why did the Weimar Republic survive the crisis of 1918 1923 Paper Why did the Weimar Republic survive the crisis of 1918 1923 Paper Essay Topic: History The Republic Many desperately serious problems faced the new Weimar Republic and its constitution between 1918 1923, as explored in the previous essay. Amazingly, the Republic survived and remained intact. It survived falling due to many solutions the Treaty of Versailles, from political, economic, left wing, and right wing problems too. These different solutions kept Germany from crumbling. In this essay, I will explore these solutions to show how and why the Weimar Republic survived the crisis of 1918 1923. The Weimar Constitution was designed as a balanced democratic settlement to bring back stability, with which every German could identify. It did result in an ersatzkaiser, and was potentially de-stabilising, but despite this, the constitution worked very well indeed. It gave German people the right to employment, and dole money (pleased the left wing) even though Germany was in great debt. It gave workers National Insurance, and hinted at Nationalisation, which would unify Germany, although the Right wing would fury. The Constitution brought Germany from autocracy to democracy; shown by everyone over 20 being allowed to vote, and gave people many social rights e. g. o be able to belong to a Union, and adapted as part of the constitution. The Constitution worked well under extreme circumstances, for example in the Kapp Putsch. Article 48 was potentially destabilising, and gave the power to be abused and become a dictator. However, Article 48 was not abused in the period 1918 1923 at all. It was used properly and as it should have been sensibly, to stabilise, and bring about order. The coalition governments that rose from the constitution frequently fell over disagreements, but there were many good points about them. They made parties feel wanted and they could all have a say on how the country was run. The parties were forced to compromise and worked as one. The Social democrats and Catholics could now play a part in the government, who were previously seen as enemies of the Reich. The president and the Reichstag were finely balanced, and so coalition governments had many hopeful points surrounding them to keep the Weimar Republic up and running, and so surviving the many crises that threatened the new Republic. So the new Republic survived problems from the constitution, mainly because there were many positive sides to it. People could work and receive money if they werent, they could vote, a change they had not yet encountered under the Kaiser. Article 48 was used properly and sensibly and the parties worked well together, so it wasnt all bad, and as this was so it kept the republic from collapsing. Although the Treaty of Versailles treated Germany more harshly than was expected, the consequences were not all bad as they first appeared. The signing of the armistice brought the war to an end before Germany could be occupied by the allies. The harshness of the treaty united Germany and every German, it became a strong united nation state. The destruction of the Austrian-Hungary Empire and Ottoman Empire created many smaller states. Germany became a large, powerful country amongst these smaller countries, in a position to dominate Eastern/Central Europe. France failed to weaken Germany permanently, and the harsh Reparations did not completely destroy the German economy. The Allies later modified the Reparation demands by the Dawes Plan. However, the French occupation of the Ruhr was beyond Germanys control. So, the Treaty bonded the country together in times of difficulty. The treaty was despised and hated, but every German was united in its hatred. Hatred wasnt directed much towards the government, the countries hatred was directed more towards the Allies. Germany became a strong country, and so self-esteem was boosted by the people knowing that their country was still as powerful, if not more in its position. So the Republic survived this crisis well.. the Treaty wasnt as bad as it could have been. The economic problems seriously undermined the regime, but the decisions made by the Government were not all bad. For example when the French occupied the Ruhr, the people supported the Government by carrying out passive resistance, and not co-operating with the French as they took over the mines. This shows loyalty to the Weimar Republic. When hyperinflation set in, there were many losers, but on the positive side there were winners too. Inflation is good for growth! Winners were those who owed money and were able to pay off debts in devalued currency, tenant farmers could keep the family alive on their goods and buy the farm for themselves, landlords could buy more real estate from the naive and desperate, and entrepreneurs could exploit cheap credit and inflated profits to create large industrial companies, (e. g. Hugo Stinnes). So, although the were losers: middle classes and those living on fixed income lost out, quite a few people would benefit and be exceedingly happy. When the new government was set up after Wilhelm Cunos fell in August 1923, a new chancellor, Stresemann, of the DVP, solved virtually all of Germanys economic problems almost instantly. Stresemann called off Passive resistance in the Ruhr, as it didnt seem to be working, stopped the printing of more worthless money, and introduced a new currency.. the Rentenmark. This new currency stabilised the German economy almost overnight. So, although many people lost out to the effects of hyperinflation and were annoyed with the new Government, people did benefit from hyperinflation. With the stability of the currency people were able to lead more of a natural life, and would be pleased with the government for taking them back to normality. For this there would not be as much resentment towards the government. Germany began to prosper, and despite the losers the people who profited (those with power Stinnes) came out better off from hyperinflation than if it had never had of taken place. So, some people would have nothing against the Government, as it brought them their fortunes, and freed people from heavy debt. The Left wing attempted to overthrow the government, but they failed. The left wing threats, for example the Spartakists, were easily put down the Army the Ebert/Groener Pact. This shows how the Left wing would have never have had a chance of turning Germany Communist, due to the strength of the army. So it would survive the crisis thanks to the army. The bad organisation on the part of Karl liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg also led to the left wing defeat they were murdered by the army too. So the Republic survived the crisis from the left due to bad organisation, and extreme left wing numbers were highly overestimated. For people only attended the rallies as they were unemployed, hungry, and many people were suffering from Spanish flu. But the people saw the KPD for what they were as they were not suffering as much as the Russians did in the Russian revolution. There was less dislocation than in the USSR too unemployment was not that serious, although people were suffering from hunger and flu in 1918. The Left wing did support the actions of the government, for example when Kapp seized power in Berlin, the left organised a general strike in Berlin and elsewhere. The Left was never strong enough to pose a serious threat to the Republic. They were overestimated and easily put down. The Left wing went into disarray in 1921 and never posed a threat from then on. Although there was a talk of a German October, The Red army in the Ruhr was easily put down by the army and so, due to the incompetence of the Left and bad organisation, they were doomed from the start and never really strong enough to take control of the Government so the Weimar Republic survived. The threat from the Right was the greatest to the new Weimar Republic, but they failed to overthrow the government, and so letting the weimar Republic survive the crises from the Right. They failed on this due to a few main reasons. The Right Wing were badly disorganised, just like the extreme Left Wing. Kapp failed to mount a successful putsch, and so was Hitler. On both occasions the army remained neutral and did not support the extremists, and they both made bad mistakes. They both failed to seize power, they were undisciplined and so the Republic survived. Ordinary people supported the government when the right went too far. For example the assassination of Walther Rathenau. 700000 people turned out to protest against the Organisation Consul, as they hated Right Wing extremism. The army, and the ites in the government never intended to overthrow the Government, as they were dreadfully afraid of a civil war. Although the judges were biased, they still removed the extreme left wing protesters and halted their attempts to seize power by sentencing the majority of them to death. The Right was very underestimated, they were the greatest threat to the Republic, but they didnt pose as much as a threat to the Republic in the years 1918 1923 as they did when Hitler was in power in the years 1932 1933. The Government did have the support of the general public, in the Kapp putsch and the Munich Putsch. Kapp was defeated by a general strike. So, although the extreme right was a formidable threat to the Weimar Republic in these early years they were not able to take control. They did have a significant amount of popular support, but the extreme right did not have majority support. It was weakened by internal divisions between Freikorps and Reichswehr, DNVP and NSDAP, and civilian politicians and paramilitaries to name but a few. These were significant factors to explain why the Kapp and Hitler Putches failed in 1920 and 1923. The Right were the biggest threat to the Weimar Republic, but they failed to seize power as they were not yet strong enough, they were divided, with no clear strategy. Every new government is meant to have a few teething problems, this began just before, and just after the Weimar Republic was set up in January 1919. The Spartakists were on the streets, the Freikorps sent in to put the unrest down. The Weimar Republic began on a bad note. It survived many crises in the years 1918 1923. It survived due to a strong constitution, the proper use of article 48, the hyperinflation, and the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles. It survived the threats from the left wing (the Spartakists) and the threats from the right (Kapp and Hitler putsches). One question would be: why and how did Weimar survive these? My answer as to be the most important factor as to why the republic survived would be because the Right wing were not yet strong enough. However it can be argued that resentment was channelled more towards the French and the Allies than towards Weimar itself, as they had imposed the harshness of the Treaty of Versailles, and the French had occupied the Ruhr and caused the inflation. Despite these effects of inflation, the workers did not suffer to the same extent as they did when there was long term mass employment after the end of the war. Businessmen and others did very well out of inflation, like Hugo Stinnes, and many other people did exceedingly well out of inflation. People could pay of debts in devalued currency, so these profiteers would not resent the government at all even though the was no clear political alternative to Weimar. Germany became more united when the Treaty of Versailles was imposed, and the government was forced to work together. Although it frequently fell, it worked together and pulled through all the problems it faced (Kapp Putsch). The Left wing didnt pose much of a threat, it was put down easily when they did protest and the numbers were much much smaller than was predicted. The left never stood a chance to take the Government, they had not yet recovered from its divisions and suppression in the years 1918 1921. But the Right were the biggest threat to democracy. As argued in the previous question the right was the biggest problem to the Republic, but they could not take control so early. The Right was strong and powerful, they had big business and the Army on their side, not to mention the civil service and judiciary. The Right was much stronger and powerful than was predicted. However, despite the right being the strongest threat to the Weimar Republic, they failed to take power. In the years 1918 1923 the right were not yet strong enough. This was shown in the Kapp Putsch, they seized power but fled after 4 days. They were divided and had no clear strategy and were unorganised. There were internal divisions between Freikorps and Reichswehr, DNVP and NSDAP etc etc. They failed to seize power as they were unorganised, and they did lack majority support. It was a miracle that the Weimar Republic survived all of these crisis, but I believe strongly that if the Right wing were more organised, and had more of a clear strategy and removed all of the internal divisions in the years 1918 1923, then they could have easily have seized power and removed those in the Weimar Republic. The Right were a formidable threat to the weimar Republic, and although they did fail to take control in the years 1918 1923, they were the biggest threat, and the most powerful underestimated force that the Government should have dealt with before they started on the extreme left. So, the Weimar Republic survived the crisis of 1918 1923, due to a strong, divided right wing with no clear strategy, not yet ready to seize power.

Always Remember To Smile

Always Remember To Smile If you are still thinking about when either happened, then you belong to the large majority who have long turned into mechanical robots or transformed into zombies. These pseudo humans either have hollow laughter that reeks of howling or have to make do with plastic smiles etched to perfection! (Well, at least most of the time, although the etching artist could give the Joker a run for this evil grin) I don’t blame them; in this time it’s always welcome. Haven’t you noticed that you always like the person who’s got a genuine smile or a sense of humour that evokes ringing laughter? There’s an enigma surrounding a smile or a laugh, which attracts people like a flame draws out the fireflies. It’s irresistible in its uncouth charm; effusing one with a deep breath of life, a wonder drug that always works. Phyllis Diller couldn’t have said it any better than this – â€Å"Smile is a curve that sets everything straight.† So wha t puts a smile on a face? Or causes someone to burst into fits of laughter? Is it really that hard to comprehend? Or is it beyond the scope of our comprehension? I’ve seen beaming smiles resulting from something so trivial that it wouldn’t be noticed if one wasn’t looking for it. Let me run through my list – A packet of biscuits cracks a smile in the local street urchin

Law of Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Law of Evidence - Essay Example This is often done to preserve some fundamental elements of the constitutional conventions and legal traditions that have been preserved for generations in English law. This paper will examine the circumstances under which the burden of proof is reversed from the accuser to the accused. It will also identify how the court rationalise their decisions in these circumstances and situations. A tradition upheld in English legal tradition is that an individual is innocent until proven guilty in criminal proceedings. This is the concept of the presumption of innocence which means that the burden of proof will be on the prosecution rather than the accused. This was made in the landmark ruling of Woolmington V DPP2 where the precedence was set for prosecutors to prove that a person had broken the law before any proceeding could commence in criminal law. The case of Woolmington V DPP indicated that the prosecution has two burdens of proof, evidential burden of proof and legal burden of proof3. The evidential burden of proof is the sensible proposition to assert there is a matter fit for the accused person to be prosecuted. However, that does not prevent the prosecution from presenting evidence during the actual trial. The evidential burden of proof is to ensure that a person arrested on a given charge is actually in breach of a valid law of the land. Evidential burden is meant to ensure that there is a compelling reason for the prosecution to go ahead. It is about the ability to link the accused to what s/he is actually being accused for. During the hearings, the prosecution must present evidence to support the claims on the basis of the points of law, presented by the judge. In other words, when examining the English legal system, it is apparent that cases are presented to judges who present the facts to the jury who in turn scrutinize the facts and come up with a verdict. Thus, evidential proof and

Observation Report. Observation of a group Essay

Observation Report. Observation of a group - Essay Example 1990; Little, 1990; Ponticell, 1995; Guskey, 1994: Dufour & Eaker, 1998; Guskey, 2000). The isolationist learning model, implying that students have to work on their own and not in collaboration with their peers, is imposed upon learners by teachers and educational institutions from the inception of their educational journey to its conclusion. Predicated on the assumption that collaboration could lead to collusion, the unfair distribution of work responsibilities and, learner dependence on others, culminating in his/her resignation of learning/studying responsibilities, the isolationist learning model tends to discourage cooperative learning (Hargreaves & Dawe. 1990; Little, 1990; Ponticell, 1995; Guskey, 1994: Dufour & Eaker, 1998; Guskey, 2000). To the extent that this assignment was about the formation of a study group and could only be completed through learner collaboration, it was a significant learning experience. Murphy and Lick (2001) maintain that group size is an important predictor of the capacity of a group to satisfy its objectives, insofar as size directly impinges upon manageability. As such, they advise that group sizes range between two to six members. As noted in the introductory paragraph, our group was comprised of four members, implying adherence to the aforementioned advise and, supposedly, an enhanced capacity for the quality completion of the set assignment. The assigned task was simple enough in itself. Group members were required to watch a film, following from which they were expected to collaborate on the composition of a report on that which the film had to say about group dynamics and on the completion of a number of other learning tasks. The film in question was Alive. The group assumed an online form, whereby collaboration was limited to group discussions via WebCT. While this was, in some ways, easier than

Brick and Mortar vs Based Businessess Term Paper

Brick and Mortar vs Based Businessess - Term Paper Example On the other hand, online business does not cost physical labor, though a businessman might have to spend some money initially purchasing licenses or getting his business registered as per the official requirements of trade. One needs to know and satisfy the legal ramifications of one’s online business before starting it (Elizabeth, 2010). Still, online business can be started immediately because it usually does not take long for initial online formalities to be met, whereas the traditional business costs much in terms of time, labor and money in the start. In traditional business, the staff required to do the work costs a businessman a lot. In addition to that, the businessman has to face overheads as office and serviceability charges, logistics, food and traveling expenses. On the other hand, an online business provides a businessman with the leverage that he can work from home. Although the businessman still might have to hire staff for organizing the work online, yet the overhead charges are significantly reduced. There are no traveling expenses, no utility bills except for internet or electricity bill and no food charges. It is indeed, irrational to count electricity charges here because computers and internet are also frequently made use of in traditional businesses. Brick and mortar businesses are far more expensive than online businesses because of overhead charges, insurance, taxes and other property charges (Kayne, 2010). Online business ensures effective communication. Communication and timely conveyance of instructions are vital for the success of a business. The electronic mail delivers instructions to the concerned immediately, and the sender does not have to incur any additional cost unlike traditional businessmen, who have to incur huge telephone bills and yet, the communication is hardly ever effective or meaningful. This drawback

Incentive pay as a way of compensating employees Essay

Incentive pay as a way of compensating employees - Essay Example According to the Vision Link advisory group, intrinsic rewards also allow employees to obtain a certain level of autonomy, provides opportunities for mastery in which employees may feel and see their progress, and it can establish purpose in their work so that they can feel that they are doing something good not only for themselves but also for the company. On the other hand, extrinsic compensation may include monetary and nonmonetary rewards. Examples of extrinsic compensation can be discretionary benefits such as paid time off and protection programs (Martocchio 86). Generally, â€Å"Incentive pay may come in the form of bonuses, profit sharing, or commission† (Business Dictionary). It is a monetary reward given to employees based on individual or group performances. This type of pay can reflect the way employees continue to pursue positive results in the workplace. In addition, incentive plans can inspire loyalty, commitment, and hard work. This type of plan will allow for recognition of outstanding workers and at the same time keeping track of the organizational goals (â€Å"Employee Incentive†). A company can decide on how they will design their incentive pay plans and on what criteria depending on what industry and type of the company. The most common types of incentive pay plans are individual incentive plans, group incentive plans, and companywide incentives. In many occasions, â€Å"Individual incentive plans reward employees for meeting such work-related performance standards as quality, productivity, customer satisfaction, safety, or attendance† (Martocchio 85). Organizations use individual incentive plans to motivate their employees by granting them the opportunity to receive additional income. These additional incomes can be given in forms of bonuses or commission (Joseph). There are different types of individual incentives the most common are piecework plans, management incentive plans, behavioral encouragement plans, and refe rral plans (Joseph). Piecework plans reward their employees for increases in productivity. It consists of the quantity and the quality of work produced. This criterion is based upon the supervisor’ or managers’ interpretation on the performance of the employee. Piecework plans can be used in industrial and production settings (Joseph). In contrast, management incentive plans involve several intricate objectives. This type of incentive only allows managers to receive their award when they reach objectives depending on sales, profit, production, or other criteria in the company (Martocchio 86). In addition, many companies may compensate their employees for referrals. Some companies use referrals to motivate their workers to recruit new employees into the company the employee will then be rewarded after the new employees has been in the company for a certain period (Joseph). Lastly there are behavioral encouragement plans where employees are given cash for specific behavi oral accomplishments. In addition to individual incentive plans, some companies choose to compensate or reward their employees as a group, in other words, based on collective performance. Group incentive plans are measured depending on customer satisfaction, labor cost savings, material cost savings, reduction in accidents, and services cost savings (Joseph). It is said that â€Å"well designed group incentive plans ultimately reinforce teamwork, cultivate loyalty to the company, and increase

A health needs assessment of a community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

A health needs assessment of a community - Essay Example Hounslow is the ninth largest borough in London with an area of twenty two square miles. Chiswick lies to the east and Bedfont to the west. The borough has one thousand two hundred and thirty eight hectares of open space in the form of seventy four parks and recreation centres. The rivers Thames, Brent, Crane, Longford and Duke of Northumberland run through the borough. Hounslow has been historically related to transportation and related services. Hounslow has hotels and guest houses that serve passengers travelling via the Heathrow Airport, located nearby. The Hounslow residential area caters to diverse tastes. It has parks, nature reserves, leisure centres, a pedestrianised high street, facilities for shopping and entertainment, and theatres for lovers of drama, music and comedy. The town centre offers amenities such as the Treaty Center, cafes and the local library around the high street. The economy of Hounslow has been benefited by redevelopment around the region, especially by the creation of new business parks in Chiswick and Bedfont. This has attracted media, pharmaceuticals and technology companies to the borough, besides existing businesses such as GlaxoSmithKline and BSkyB. Residents are employed in the airport supply chain, in industries such as retail, catering, freight, transport, logistics and security. 212,341 people were living in Hounslow in 2001. 104,239 were males and 108,102 were females. The population density (per person hectares) was 37.93. 99.14 percent of the people were living in households. 6.71 percent of the people were less than 4 years old. 12.6 percent of the people were in the age group 10-19. 58.88 percent of the people were in the age group 20-59. The mean age of the population was 35.42 years. The median age of the population was 33 years. 166,863 people aged 16 and over in households. 53.2 percent of these were living in a couple. Among 168,609 people aged 16 and over, 37.7

Brick and Mortar vs Based Businessess Term Paper

Brick and Mortar vs Based Businessess - Term Paper Example On the other hand, online business does not cost physical labor, though a businessman might have to spend some money initially purchasing licenses or getting his business registered as per the official requirements of trade. One needs to know and satisfy the legal ramifications of one’s online business before starting it (Elizabeth, 2010). Still, online business can be started immediately because it usually does not take long for initial online formalities to be met, whereas the traditional business costs much in terms of time, labor and money in the start. In traditional business, the staff required to do the work costs a businessman a lot. In addition to that, the businessman has to face overheads as office and serviceability charges, logistics, food and traveling expenses. On the other hand, an online business provides a businessman with the leverage that he can work from home. Although the businessman still might have to hire staff for organizing the work online, yet the overhead charges are significantly reduced. There are no traveling expenses, no utility bills except for internet or electricity bill and no food charges. It is indeed, irrational to count electricity charges here because computers and internet are also frequently made use of in traditional businesses. Brick and mortar businesses are far more expensive than online businesses because of overhead charges, insurance, taxes and other property charges (Kayne, 2010). Online business ensures effective communication. Communication and timely conveyance of instructions are vital for the success of a business. The electronic mail delivers instructions to the concerned immediately, and the sender does not have to incur any additional cost unlike traditional businessmen, who have to incur huge telephone bills and yet, the communication is hardly ever effective or meaningful. This drawback

A health needs assessment of a community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

A health needs assessment of a community - Essay Example Hounslow is the ninth largest borough in London with an area of twenty two square miles. Chiswick lies to the east and Bedfont to the west. The borough has one thousand two hundred and thirty eight hectares of open space in the form of seventy four parks and recreation centres. The rivers Thames, Brent, Crane, Longford and Duke of Northumberland run through the borough. Hounslow has been historically related to transportation and related services. Hounslow has hotels and guest houses that serve passengers travelling via the Heathrow Airport, located nearby. The Hounslow residential area caters to diverse tastes. It has parks, nature reserves, leisure centres, a pedestrianised high street, facilities for shopping and entertainment, and theatres for lovers of drama, music and comedy. The town centre offers amenities such as the Treaty Center, cafes and the local library around the high street. The economy of Hounslow has been benefited by redevelopment around the region, especially by the creation of new business parks in Chiswick and Bedfont. This has attracted media, pharmaceuticals and technology companies to the borough, besides existing businesses such as GlaxoSmithKline and BSkyB. Residents are employed in the airport supply chain, in industries such as retail, catering, freight, transport, logistics and security. 212,341 people were living in Hounslow in 2001. 104,239 were males and 108,102 were females. The population density (per person hectares) was 37.93. 99.14 percent of the people were living in households. 6.71 percent of the people were less than 4 years old. 12.6 percent of the people were in the age group 10-19. 58.88 percent of the people were in the age group 20-59. The mean age of the population was 35.42 years. The median age of the population was 33 years. 166,863 people aged 16 and over in households. 53.2 percent of these were living in a couple. Among 168,609 people aged 16 and over, 37.7

Week 5, Discussion 1, the Age of Reagan Essay Example for Free

Week 5, Discussion 1, the Age of Reagan Essay He was the 40th president of the United States. He put into practice extensive new political and financial schemes. Reagan supply-side economic strategies, dubbed Reaganomics, implementing reduced tax rates to prompt economic development, calculating the money supply to decrease price increases, deregulation of the financial system, as well as decreasing government expenditure. In his presidential address he called upon Americans to begin an era of national renewal. In order to solve the major problems those country faces like both overseas and household, Reagan stated his recognizable movement expression: Government is not the solution to our problem, government is the problem. He also stated that United State will again be the exemplar of freedom and a beacon of hope for those who do not have freedom. He advanced domestic strategies that attributed a reduction of federal government accountability in solving social troubles, dropping limitations on trade, as well as into practicing tax cuts. Worldwide, he established a violent resistance to the extent of collectivism all through the world and a tough mistrust of the Soviet Union, which in 1983 he tagged an evil empire. Reagan campaigner a rearmed and strong military in addition, to what was in particular helpful of the MX projectile scheme as well as the Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars) plan. His economic strategies came to be identified like Reaganomics, an effort, from the Cannon perspective in order to balance the federal budget, increase defense spending, and cut income taxes. The President Sweared to look after right programs for instance Medicare and Social Security. Although, cutting the exp enditure for social programs by targeting waste, fraud and abuse. He clinched the assumption of supply side economics, that hypothesized that tax cuts encouraged economic growth which in turn amplified the governments income at an inferior tax charge. References: Isbouts, J. Johnson, B. D. (Writers) Johnson, B. D. (Director). (1998). Powerplay: End of the empire [Television series episode]. In J. Florescu, J. Isbouts, B. Johnson (Executive producers), Inside the Cold War with Sir David Frost. Los Angeles, CA: Porchlight Entertainment

Reflective Assignment on Inter Professional Education

Reflective Assignment on Inter Professional Education Inter-professional education allows students studying to be health professionals to work as part of team on a piece of work and to learn about different health professionals that there is (Barr et all 2005). In this assignment I will use Gibbs (1998) model of reflection (see appendix 1) to reflect on some of the work that the group and myself carried out and ways in which it could be improved. The aspects of working on the group poster that I enjoyed the most were getting to meet new people and learning about the different health professionals and how they work together. In addition to this I enjoyed thinking and researching which health professionals would help Joe and in what way they would help him. I also enjoyed helping to design the poster itself. A team is a group that work together, you dont become a team until you have developed methods of working together and relationships have been formed (Levin 2004, pp. 7). I agree with this quote from Levin because if relationships havent been formed individuals may find it more difficult to put forward opinions and speak in front of others. To work effectively as a team methods of working do need to be put in place. As a team we did do this by making rules at our first meeting. These rules were not followed and I now feel I should have reminded group members about them. I found keeping in contact with some of the group members difficult. Verbal and non verbal communication is important between health professionals and between health professionals and the patient. If people do not communicate effectively, it can have a bad outcome. In some cases this may lead to death. Analysis of 2455 sentinel events reported to the Joint Commission for Hospital Accreditation revealed that the primary root cause in over 70% was communication failure. Reflecting the seriousness of these occurrences, approximately 75% of these patients died. (Flink et al, cited in Leonard et al 2004, p. 86.) One member of the group in particular, missed a lot of the meetings as although we were sending her the email and texts she never received them. It turned out she had a new number, which she didnt inform us about. When we did get her new number she did attend more meetings and became more involved in the process of the poster development. In the future I would ask group members t heir preferred way of me getting in touch with them or I would use web ct to communicate and arrange meetings. However, the internet was not always reliable in halls as it did not work on many occasions. To solve this I had to try and get in contact with my group members by phone. Even though it may be time consuming In the future I would put it on web ct, send an email and a text. After three ways of communicating it would be more likely that all group members would receive the information of when and where the meetings were. The use of web ct would also allow the group lecturer to see that meetings were being arranged. During the group meeting itself I felt there was quite a calm atmosphere, although group members including myself sometimes got distracted and spoke about something other than the poster; on more than one occasion we spoke about what we were doing at the weekend. I feel this was sometimes due to certain group members being behind in tasks so there was nothing more other group members could do until they had completed their part of the task. When this happened, sometimes we helped each other to complete what another group member may have been struggling with or never managed to get finished because of other course work. We understood this in some circumstances. This shows some of the good teamwork that went on within the group. On one occasion I felt quite undermined by one group member because, as a group we had decided to use a ring of people for the poster but she didnt like the idea and refused to use it, as a result of this we came up with another idea which we gladly all agreed on and it worked well. If this had happened again and the original idea was a definite favourite of the group I think the group should approach the individual, as the majority liked the idea. To make the meetings more effective we should have kept a note of the main points that were discussed and the individuals thoughts and feelings towards the discussion (Germov and Williams 2001. PP 127 129). This would have been helpful to look back on for writing the group reports, this assignment and in particular the peer group marking. I feel I was able to contribute my time and effort well to the group. Even though I was on placement for seven weeks I made sure I didnt miss any of the meetings. I wanted to be able to voice my opinions and to help in every aspect of working towards the poster. According to Belbin (2001) there are many roles you can take on as a group member. These include plant, resource investigator, co-ordinator, shaper, monitor evaluator, team worker, implementer, completer finisher and specialist. (Belbin 2009). I believe my role in the group was clearly a co-ordinator as I along with another group member arranged the meetings and towards the end reminded, people about meetings as this was something I noticed needed to be done for some group members. I promoted decisions by being the one who came up with the idea of the title Help is at Hand. This was agreed by everyone to be a good heading for the poster. I also put forward my ideas and opinions. I do feel I should have spoken up more when the other co-ordinator in the group decided she didnt like the idea that the majority of us liked. However as I stated earlier the end result of the poster was not only in my opinion but the group as a whole, positive. In addition to a co-ordinator I also feel I was a complete finisher as I was conscientious enough to get the tasks done in time and checked for errors. A weakness, which I had, was worrying unduly (Belbin 2009). The reason behind this was because some group members were not putting as much work in a myself and another group member; so I felt I would have to lower their score on the peer group marking which would also lower my overall grade. I found this unfair but it was something that had to be done. There was one member of the group that I got on well with this was the other co-ordinator. The reason I got on well with her was because she attended all meetings and we worked well as a pair. On one occasion a member of the team hadnt done the report that they were suppose to do and I realised this late at night and myself and the other co-ordinator had to work on this over the phone to meet the deadline. I wouldnt say there were members of the group that I found it difficult to work with, but some members didnt contribute to the task as much as they should have and follow the rules that were made in the first meeting. This annoyed me as they were nice people and I didnt want to fall out with them over approaching them about attending meetings. I feel I helped to solve the problem of the team member who wasnt attending much as I got her new number and also found that contacting her through a social networking site to remind her about the meetings was somewhat easier. I do feel that the ways in which you communicate with people are specific to each individual and everyone has their preferences. In the future I will ask my group members their individual preferred way of communication, even though this may take more time, it will be more effective. To conclude this assignment, the group were strongly supportive of each other because when one group member was on placement we still kept in contact with her, sending her pictures that we were going to put on the poster and the layouts of the poster to get her opinion on it. I feel the group had two clear leaders. A leader is defined as one who influences others to accomplish a goal or objective. This person contributes to the organization and cohesion of a group. (Wilson 2009). A leader can be beneficial to teamwork as they make sure that the group is on task and that deadlines are met. They will encourage group members and may give information on how to carry a task out. One of which was myself as I mentioned earlier. I think that this helped the group otherwise meetings would not have been arranged and report deadlines would not have been met. One of the occasions when I did this was when I sent a copy of the Harvard referencing guidelines to all group members. I was very pleased with the overall outcome of the poster as were the rest of the group. The poster stood out well which was good but there was some spelling and grammar errors in it which we would have lost marks for. Next time this should be checked by the whole group to be sure that there is no mistakes and sent to the tutor to have a look at before presenting it. Reflecting on this assignment I have used a range of sources as evidence for what I have said; these include books, websites and journals.