Friday, October 25, 2019
Love and Hate in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet :: Free Romeo and Juliet Essays
'Romeo and Juliet' is a play written by William Shakespeare. A prologue is included at the start of the play, which portrays the tragedy between 'star-cross'd lovers'. Elizabethans believed that their fate is in the stars and the prologue increases the anticipation as it shows the way they are destined. Shakespeare has also included devices to dramatise the themes of love and hate throughout the play. In Elizabethan times the audience were involved in the ongoing play. Shakespeare involves the audience in scenes such as the ballroom scene (Act 1, Scene 5.) In Act 1, Scene 5 Romeo enters an enemy?s ball where he and Juliet fall in love for the first time, which angers Tybalt. At the end of Act 1, Scene 4 the mood is foreboding as Romeo believes that things could go wrong at the ball which he was to intrude on. He shows his fear by saying: ?I fear to early, for my mind misgive some consequences yet hanging in the stars? Romeo shows his fear by saying ?fear too early?. This suggests that he believes something there was something not right which made him highly anxious. There is a use of dramatic irony as the audience already know that there was to be problems because of the prologue, which makes keeps the interest from the audience. Elizabethans believed that their fate and destiny is written in the stars. The phrase ?hanging in the stars? which Romeo commented to himself, implies his destiny is in the stars, and it also suggests that because it is in the stars then the Elizabethan audience know definitely that here are going to be ?consequences?. In the beginning of Act, Scene 5 the mood changes from worrying to joyful, as the guests begin to enter the ball which is held by Capulet who is welcoming them. The mood is uplifting because the party is ready to start. The joyful mood is shown when Capulet says: ?Welcome, Gentlemen! Ladies that have toes Unplagu?d with corns will walk a bout with you.? The mood has changed quite drastically from the end of Act 1, Scene 4 to Act 1, Scene 5. This is show by when Capulet is welcoming people to the ball, ?Welcome, Gentlemen!? His excitement showed through the exclamation mark, which suggests that Capulet is full of energy which would lift the spirits of anyone who was to enter. The quotation creates the image of people bustling in, smiling and ready for the party.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
New Urbanism
{text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} New Urbanism New Urbanism is a relatively recent architectural and social design principle to leave its mark {text:change} {text:change} on United States society. Many past contributing factors present in society {text:change} {text:change} have lead some Americans {text:change} {text:change} to call {text:change} {text:change} for the implementation of a New Urbanism way of life in recent years. After defining and {text:change} discussing exactly what New Urbanism is, I will {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} delve deeper into the movement in an attempt to uncover {text:change} {text:change} what this new movement is a response to. This, in turn, will help to identify some of the problems current suburbs face today. As defined by scholars, the term â€Å"New Urbanism†refers to â€Å"an intellectual movement of architects and planners that is opposed to the normative growth patterns of our society†(Gottdiener and Budd 96). Simply defined, one can think of the New Urbanism way of life as a rebellion against the way society has expanded into vast suburbs. New Urbanists do not like the concept of an automobile based suburbia. They believe that their neighborhoods should be small, taking no more time than five minutes to reach the neighborhood center {text:change} {text:change} from the boundaries of the neighborhood (Gottdiener and Budd 96). In addition, New {text:change} Urbanists believe that their societies should have a diverse selection of shops, parks, schools, and churches easily accessible to all (without an automobile) (Gottdiener and Budd 96). New Urbanists want to return to the way cities were {text:change} before American society was forever changed by the invention of the automobile. In order to achieve this objective {text:change} {text:change} , sidewalks and public transportation must connect dwellings with businesses, {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} thereby eliminating the need for daily use of the automobile as the essential means of transportation. Now that we {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} have an understanding {text:change} {text:change} of exactly what New Urbanism is, it is natural to question what led its early adopters in the 1980s to create or look favorably upon its implementation The {text:change} {text:change} roots of the New Urbanism movement can be traced back to the period after World War II and possibly earlier. When the automobile transitioned more from an idea {text:change} to large -scale roduction in the early 1900s, little did anybody know the widespread impact a simple transportation mechanism would have on American society. Life, as it was known then, would never be the same. Before the invention of the automobile, cities in America existed much like the neighborhood communities that {text:change} the New Urbanism movement hopes to bring back . {text:change} {text:change} As the number {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} of automobiles in society life increased, {text:change} the need for close proximity of necessary businesses and workplaces to the automobile owning family decreased . As Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk stated in their 1993 article regarding New Urbanism, â€Å"the suburbs and cities of today continue to separate the naturally integrated human activities of dwelling, working, shopping, schooling, worshiping, and recreating†(Duany and Plater-Zyberk 196). The automobile has helped to separate these critical establishments from the American household. The {text:change} authors infer that the increased importance of the automobile has led to an exponential rising of the amount of funding for {text:change} roadwork {text:change} while the amount of funding for civic programs has been reduced. Civic programs are crucial to the American society, economy, and environment (Duany and Plater-Zyberk 196). Such a shift towards increased emphasis on funding road {text:change} {text:change} work can be seen in the recent Economic Stimulus Bill passed by Congress and the President. Over $130 billion will be spent on the improvement and building of roads and bridges, which further highlight the relative importance of {text:change} {text:change} the automobile in American society. The other main {text:change} factor that lead to {text:change} {text:change} the birth of {text:change} {text:change} the New Urbanism movement is the suburban sprawl that accompanied the end of World War II. Sprawl, as defined by M. Gottdiener and Leslie Budd, is the â€Å"’haphazard growth’ of relative low density over an extended region, with residential units dominated by {text:change} single-family homes†(Gottdiener and Budd 145). Simply stated {text:change} {text:change} , sprawl is the exodus of citizens from the city into the outlying areas. Sprawl has lead to the creation {text:change} {text:change} of residential areas without much, if any, planning. This lack of planning usually results in the {text:change} {text:change} essential components of a {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} neighborhood being located far from the residential areas. Urban {text:change} {text:change} sprawl can have a tremendous {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} negative {text:change} {text:change} impact on the city neighborhoods that are left behind when citizens move to the suburbs. The {text:change} article entitled â€Å"From Institutional to Jobless Ghettos†by William Julius Wilson highlights this key point when referencing a quote from Loic Wacquant, a member of the Urban Poverty and Family Life Study. Wacquant said that â€Å"residents remember a time, not so long ago, when crowds were so dense at rush hour that one had to elbow one’s way to the train station – now have the appearance of an empty, bom bed-out war zone†when referencing the Woodlawn neighborhood in Chicago (Wilson 112). This effect is something that the New Urbanism movement is {text:change} {text:change} trying to correct. By {text:change} {text:change} attempting to counteract the effects of sprawl on society, suburban residential neighborhoods can be planned into New Urbanistic neighborhoods. Many city planners and architects have already attempted to do this. Some of the most famous New Urbanistic societies are the towns of Celebration, Florida and Seaside, Florida. text:change} {text:change} It is important to remember that just because architects and planners build a New Urbanistic neighborhood, that doesn’t necessarily mean {text:change} that, the residents of that neighborhood will live in the New Urbanistic way. For example, in Celebration, Florida there has not been an increase in sociability amongst {text:change} {text:change} strangers {text:change} {text:change} despite the fact that the dwellings have porches (Gottdiener and Budd 97). Gottdiener and Budd then go on to infer that just because you place suburbanites in a New Urbanistic society, that doesn’t mean that the residents will drop their suburban-like tendencies (Gottdiener and Budd 97). New Urbanism is a fairly new ideology that is opposed to the way in which society has grown during the past century. The underlying causes behind the formation of the New Urbanism movement can be traced back to the invention of the automobile and the pattern of urban sprawl that took place in most, if not all, major cities around the country shortly after World War II. New Urbanism strives {text:change} {text:change} for a societal efficiency that increases social networks while decreasing the idea {text:change} {text:change} of spreading out the neighborhood. Although New Urbanism seeks to address the problems caused by this urban {text:change} {text:change} sprawl growth pattern through architecture, it will likely take more than a different architectural design to change the long ingrained {text:change} {text:change} mindset of the automobile driven suburban citizen. text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} Works Cited Duany, Andres and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk. â€Å"The Neighborhood, the District, and the Corridor. †The City Reader. 4thEd. Richard T. LeGates and Fredric Stout. New York, NY: Routledge, 2007. Print. Gottdiener, M. , and Leslie Budd. Key Concepts in Urban Studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Inc, 2005. Print. Wilson, William Julius. â€Å"From Institutional to Jobless Ghettos. †The City Reade r. 4th Ed. Richard T. LeGates and Fredric Stout. New York, NY: Routledge, 2007. Print. New Urbanism Is New Urbanism really important in the development of our society or community? This question may come across to each individual who pays attention and concern to the progress of our society. According to a website name Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia it stated that â€Å"new urbanism†is an urban design movement whose popularity increased in the 1980s and early 1990s. Its goal is to bring change in all aspects of real estate development and urban planning.There are many reasons why new urbanism is significant. According to Jacky Grimshaw on his website, it advocates the importance of new urbanism. It stated that new urbanism is important because it gives real choices for people just like transportation, location where to live and access to opportunity.New urbanist shows support to regional planning for open space, appropriate architecture and planning, and the balanced development of jobs and housing. As we all know that United States was developed in the form of compact, m ixed-used neighborhoods in the first quarter of the 20th century. A new system of development was imposed through out the nation, replacing neighborhoods with a rigorous separation of uses which was popularly known as suburban development or sprawl and was happened after the World War II. Most of the US citizens adopted the suburban or sprawl.Suburban development carries a significant price even though for a fact that it has been known. In spite of the slow population growth of the countryside, the conventional suburban development spreads out to consume large areas of countryside (See New Urbanism. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_urbanism#Background).*Sprawl and its Related Problems*Urban renewal has played a significant role in cities worldwide such as Saint John, New Brunswick, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Glasgow, Scotland and Bilbao, Spain, Canary Wharf, in London and Cardiff Bay in Cardiff. It has had a great impact on the urban landscape and still present until to this ver y day. Urban renewal or new urbanism is controversial because it suggests the use of eminent domain law force reclaiming private property for civic projects (See Urban Renewal. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_renewal).New urbanism is a reaction to sprawl (Wikipedia, free encyclopedia). Sprawl was defined as the process in which the spread of development across the landscape far outpaces population growth. The landscape sprawl makes four dimensions and these are:* A population that is widely dispersed in low density development* Rigidly separated homes, shops, and workplaces* A network of roads marked by huge blocks and poor access* And a lack of well-defined, thriving activity centers, such as town centers and downtowns.1People live in more sprawl regions tend to drive greater distances, breathe more polluted air, own more cars, face greater risk of traffic fatalities and walk and use transit less.2In United States, most of the Americans who live in the metropolitan live in a mon o-detached homes and commute to work by automobile.3 But there is one state in United States which is considered as America’s sole urban center where important fraction of the population lives in apartment, works downtown and commutes by public transit and this state is New York.4Even new urbanism has helped in developing our way of life; new urbanism has drawn criticism from all quarters of the political spectrum. Some environmentalists criticize new urbanism as nothing more than sprawl dressed up with superficial stylistic cues.5 These critics of new urbanism often charge it of elevating aesthetic over practicality, subordinating good city planning principles to urban design dogma.6In addition, according to Matthew E. Khan (March 2006) that sprawl’s critiques often argue that suburbanization may offer private benefits but that it imposes social costs. This â€Å"cost of sprawl†literature posits that there are many unintended consequences of the pursuit of the â€Å"American Dream†that range from increased traffic congestion, urban air pollution, greenhouse gas revenues, and denying the urban poor access to employment opportunities (See The Benefits of Sprawl. http://greeneconomics.blogspot.com/2006/03/benefits-of-sprawl.html). In a research made by Anthony Downs (August 1999), he mentioned that many urban economists think these growth-related problems as caused mainly by â€Å"market failures†which means failing to charge people who benefit from sprawl the true costs of the decisions they make that contribute to sprawl. He also added that it â€Å"under-prices†those decisions and encourages over-expansion into low-density settlements. He sets three examples and these are:* failing to charge commuters a money toll for driving during peak hours to offset the time-loss burdens they impose on others in the form of congestion.* failing to charge residents of low-density suburbs the full social costs of removing land from open space and agricultural uses.* failing to charge high enough land costs for new low-density peripheral subdivisions to take account of the real costs of adding the infrastructures required to service those subdivisions (See Some Realities About Sprawl and Urban Decline. www.anthonydowns.com/sprawlrealities.PDF).But the economists were able to make a proposal how to solve the â€Å"market failures†and these are:* Peak-hour road tolls on major commuting arteries.* A development tax on land converted from agricultural to urban uses.* Impact fees on all new developments. (See www.anthonydowns.com/sprawlrealities.PDF).Below is the most sprawling, residential density made by Reid Ewing, Rolf Pendall and Don Chen (See http://www.smartgrowthamerica.com/sprawlindex/MeasuringSprawl.PDF).Centeredness Score RankVallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA PMSAÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â à ‚             40.9                1Riverside-San Bernardino, CA PMSA                                         41.4                2Tampa-St.Petersburg-Clearwater, FL MSA                                 51.9                3West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach- FL MSA              53.9                4Oxnard-Ventura, CA PMSAÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â à ‚               55.5                5Oakland, CA PMSA                                                                   57.6                6Gary-Hammond, IN PMSA                                                       61.2                7Detroit, MI PMSA                                                                      63.0                8Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point, NC MSA                       69.1                9Anaheim-Santa Ana, CA PMSA                                                    72.1               10I think there is nothing wrong if we embrace sprawl or new urbanism concept because it helps to develop our country especially when it comes to our country’s facilities even there are related-problems arise. But taking those steps goes with responsibilities. Each individual and our government must know how to h andle related-problems and find its remedies related to sprawl.References1. Reid Ewing, Rolf Pendall, and Don Chen. Measuring Sprawl and its impact. http://www.smartgrowthamerica.com/sprawlindex/MeasuringSprawl.PDF.2.  New Urbanism. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_urbanism3. Matthew Khan. The Benefits of Sprawl. Tufts University, March 2006. http://greeneconomics.blogspot.com/2006/03/benefits-of-sprawl.html.4. Anthony Downs. Some Realities about Sprawl and Urban Decline. http://www.anthonydowns.com/sprawlrealities.PDF. New Urbanism {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} New Urbanism New Urbanism is a relatively recent architectural and social design principle to leave its mark {text:change} {text:change} on United States society. Many past contributing factors present in society {text:change} {text:change} have lead some Americans {text:change} {text:change} to call {text:change} {text:change} for the implementation of a New Urbanism way of life in recent years. After defining and {text:change} discussing exactly what New Urbanism is, I will {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} delve deeper into the movement in an attempt to uncover {text:change} {text:change} what this new movement is a response to. This, in turn, will help to identify some of the problems current suburbs face today. As defined by scholars, the term â€Å"New Urbanism†refers to â€Å"an intellectual movement of architects and planners that is opposed to the normative growth patterns of our society†(Gottdiener and Budd 96). Simply defined, one can think of the New Urbanism way of life as a rebellion against the way society has expanded into vast suburbs. New Urbanists do not like the concept of an automobile based suburbia. They believe that their neighborhoods should be small, taking no more time than five minutes to reach the neighborhood center {text:change} {text:change} from the boundaries of the neighborhood (Gottdiener and Budd 96). In addition, New {text:change} Urbanists believe that their societies should have a diverse selection of shops, parks, schools, and churches easily accessible to all (without an automobile) (Gottdiener and Budd 96). New Urbanists want to return to the way cities were {text:change} before American society was forever changed by the invention of the automobile. In order to achieve this objective {text:change} {text:change} , sidewalks and public transportation must connect dwellings with businesses, {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} thereby eliminating the need for daily use of the automobile as the essential means of transportation. Now that we {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} have an understanding {text:change} {text:change} of exactly what New Urbanism is, it is natural to question what led its early adopters in the 1980s to create or look favorably upon its implementation The {text:change} {text:change} roots of the New Urbanism movement can be traced back to the period after World War II and possibly earlier. When the automobile transitioned more from an idea {text:change} to large -scale roduction in the early 1900s, little did anybody know the widespread impact a simple transportation mechanism would have on American society. Life, as it was known then, would never be the same. Before the invention of the automobile, cities in America existed much like the neighborhood communities that {text:change} the New Urbanism movement hopes to bring back . {text:change} {text:change} As the number {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} of automobiles in society life increased, {text:change} the need for close proximity of necessary businesses and workplaces to the automobile owning family decreased . As Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk stated in their 1993 article regarding New Urbanism, â€Å"the suburbs and cities of today continue to separate the naturally integrated human activities of dwelling, working, shopping, schooling, worshiping, and recreating†(Duany and Plater-Zyberk 196). The automobile has helped to separate these critical establishments from the American household. The {text:change} authors infer that the increased importance of the automobile has led to an exponential rising of the amount of funding for {text:change} roadwork {text:change} while the amount of funding for civic programs has been reduced. Civic programs are crucial to the American society, economy, and environment (Duany and Plater-Zyberk 196). Such a shift towards increased emphasis on funding road {text:change} {text:change} work can be seen in the recent Economic Stimulus Bill passed by Congress and the President. Over $130 billion will be spent on the improvement and building of roads and bridges, which further highlight the relative importance of {text:change} {text:change} the automobile in American society. The other main {text:change} factor that lead to {text:change} {text:change} the birth of {text:change} {text:change} the New Urbanism movement is the suburban sprawl that accompanied the end of World War II. Sprawl, as defined by M. Gottdiener and Leslie Budd, is the â€Å"’haphazard growth’ of relative low density over an extended region, with residential units dominated by {text:change} single-family homes†(Gottdiener and Budd 145). Simply stated {text:change} {text:change} , sprawl is the exodus of citizens from the city into the outlying areas. Sprawl has lead to the creation {text:change} {text:change} of residential areas without much, if any, planning. This lack of planning usually results in the {text:change} {text:change} essential components of a {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} neighborhood being located far from the residential areas. Urban {text:change} {text:change} sprawl can have a tremendous {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} negative {text:change} {text:change} impact on the city neighborhoods that are left behind when citizens move to the suburbs. The {text:change} article entitled â€Å"From Institutional to Jobless Ghettos†by William Julius Wilson highlights this key point when referencing a quote from Loic Wacquant, a member of the Urban Poverty and Family Life Study. Wacquant said that â€Å"residents remember a time, not so long ago, when crowds were so dense at rush hour that one had to elbow one’s way to the train station – now have the appearance of an empty, bom bed-out war zone†when referencing the Woodlawn neighborhood in Chicago (Wilson 112). This effect is something that the New Urbanism movement is {text:change} {text:change} trying to correct. By {text:change} {text:change} attempting to counteract the effects of sprawl on society, suburban residential neighborhoods can be planned into New Urbanistic neighborhoods. Many city planners and architects have already attempted to do this. Some of the most famous New Urbanistic societies are the towns of Celebration, Florida and Seaside, Florida. text:change} {text:change} It is important to remember that just because architects and planners build a New Urbanistic neighborhood, that doesn’t necessarily mean {text:change} that, the residents of that neighborhood will live in the New Urbanistic way. For example, in Celebration, Florida there has not been an increase in sociability amongst {text:change} {text:change} strangers {text:change} {text:change} despite the fact that the dwellings have porches (Gottdiener and Budd 97). Gottdiener and Budd then go on to infer that just because you place suburbanites in a New Urbanistic society, that doesn’t mean that the residents will drop their suburban-like tendencies (Gottdiener and Budd 97). New Urbanism is a fairly new ideology that is opposed to the way in which society has grown during the past century. The underlying causes behind the formation of the New Urbanism movement can be traced back to the invention of the automobile and the pattern of urban sprawl that took place in most, if not all, major cities around the country shortly after World War II. New Urbanism strives {text:change} {text:change} for a societal efficiency that increases social networks while decreasing the idea {text:change} {text:change} of spreading out the neighborhood. Although New Urbanism seeks to address the problems caused by this urban {text:change} {text:change} sprawl growth pattern through architecture, it will likely take more than a different architectural design to change the long ingrained {text:change} {text:change} mindset of the automobile driven suburban citizen. text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} Works Cited Duany, Andres and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk. â€Å"The Neighborhood, the District, and the Corridor. †The City Reader. 4thEd. Richard T. LeGates and Fredric Stout. New York, NY: Routledge, 2007. Print. Gottdiener, M. , and Leslie Budd. Key Concepts in Urban Studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Inc, 2005. Print. Wilson, William Julius. â€Å"From Institutional to Jobless Ghettos. †The City Reade r. 4th Ed. Richard T. LeGates and Fredric Stout. New York, NY: Routledge, 2007. Print.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Zczxc
The managerial grid model (1964), developed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton, is a behavioral leadership model. The model is an excellent way to map out different leadership styles, and an excellent way to evaluate the leadership performed by leaders and managers. This model identifies five different leadership styles based on the concern for people and theconcern for production. It is important to remember that none of the concerns are right or wrong, and the concerns are ideally balanced to the respective situational context of leadership. The model is graphically illustrated at the end of the article. Concern for People relates to the degree to which a leader considers needs of employees and team members before deciding how to accomplish a task. A high degree of concern could be coupled to a more democratic leadership style, whereas a low concern for people could be coupled to an autocratic leadership style. * Concern for Production relates to the degree to which a lead er emphasizes production effectiveness and efficiency when deciding how best to accomplish tasks. By charting the position in the grid it is possible to diagnose which leadership style is being performed, and to evaluate the appropriateness of the style of leadership.The five different leadership styles found in the managerial grid are presented below: Country Club Leadership – High Concern for People/Low Concern for Production A country club leader is mostly concerned about the needs and feelings of his/her employees or team members. This leader probably supposes that members of the organization will work hard if the feel happy and secure. However, production may suffer under this leadership style, and the effectiveness of the organization may suffer due to a lack of direct supervision and control.Produce or Perish Leadership – High Concern for Production/Low Concern for People A produce or perish leader is very concerned about production effectiveness, and pr obably sees workers as means to achieve great results. This leader also sees workforce needs as secondary to the need of a productive and efficient workplace. He/She might have very strict and autocratic work rules, and perhaps views punishment as the best motivational force. Impoverished Leadership – Low Concern for Production/ Low Concern for People This leader is very ineffective.The leader has neither a high regard for creating efficient systems or rules to structure work processes, nor for creating a motivated or satisfied work environment. The result of this leadership style could be a highly disorganized workplace with low satisfaction and motivation. Middle of the Road Leadership – Medium Concern for Production/Medium Concern for People This style tries to balance the two competing concerns. It tries to compromise different needs, and may seem as a great solution. However, when compromising, leaders risk that neither the concern for people nor the conce rn for production is fully met.This may lead to average performance, where top results may not be achieved. Workers may end up moderately motivated and satisfied, and production may only become moderately effective. Team Leadership – High Concern for Production/High Concern for People According to the Blake Mouton model, this is the best and most effective leadership style. These leaders both stress the importance of workforce needs and production needs. This leader manages to engulf workers into the importance of production efficiency, and manages to motivate employees.This creates an atmosphere of team spirit, where each team member is highly motivated and satisfied, which commits the worker to work hard and increase productivity. Use of the managerial grid Firstly, leaders should plot their own style into the managerial grid, and diagnose which leadership style they are conducting. Secondly, leaders can evaluate their leadership style, and assess if they could improve their leadership style in some way. Thirdly, leaders should put their leadership style into the respective situational context, and try to balance their leadership style to the needs found in the organization.The team leadership style may not be best in all situations, and some situations, like e. g. and economic crisis, might call for an entirely different style like e. g. a produce or perish leadership style. Leaders must therefore analyze which leadership style is called for, and afterwards analyze whether or not they conduct the most appropriate style. This analysis is therefore based on the different contingencies facing an organization, and leaders may use the knowledge fromContingency Theory or the PESTEL Framework to analyze which leadership styles are most appropriate for the viability of the organization.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Illustration Essay Examples
Illustration Essay Examples Examples of an Illustration Essay What is an Illustration Essay? Purpose of an Illustrative Essay Differences between Narrative and Illustrative Essays Structure of an Illustrative Essay and Examples to Use Example of an Illustration Essay What is an Illustration Essay? Examples of an illustration essay are usually expressly chosen or written to show people how to write an illustration essay, and what these types of essays normally entail. Because of this, they are normally quite well-written and show the different parts of the essay clearly. An illustration essay is one which depends on examples with which to prove the thesis being made. To use one particular example, if the thesis statement of your illustrative essay is that the winter months cause most residents to hibernate, then the essay itself must contain several samples of proof of why the residents hibernate in winter. Writers could use facts such as the social events in any towns being poorly attended during this time, or the sheer volume of cars on the road during warmer months versus the colder ones. Illustrative essay examples do run the risk of seeming like narrative essays because they are known for being less formal and less rigid in structure than other essays. However, the informal nature of the essay means that people who are writing them have much more freedom when it comes to how they present their facts than if they had to write in another essay structure. Purpose of an Illustrative Essay Great examples of an illustration essay show one specific characteristic of the illustration essay itself. This special characteristic is providing a number of vivid illustration examples throughout the essay itself. Giving a number of illustrations is actually helping to keep the readers interested and involved. Good illustrative essay samples should show the aspect it is designed to show thoroughly – if it is the thesis statement, then the statement should be paramount to the illustrative essay example; the statement should be readily recognizable in both the introduction and the conclusion, and the sample should make it clear how every example given relates back to the thesis statement. Similarly, if the focus of the sample is to show the samples and proof more than anything else, then the focus should be entirely on them – how do they answer the thesis statement? Where did they come from? And so on. This can also lead to a sample paper which shows how the paper is best structured. While it will primarily focus on the proof that a student can gather for their essay, the focus is on showing how these proofs can be arranged in the most logical manner, and how they fit together to create an essay which illustrates things clearly. Differences between Narrative and Illustrative Essays If you think about narrative essay type of writing, you will find that writing an illustration essay is a lot like it, yet is should present many instances and visual examples. They are both the same in that they have more informal styles than the other essays which students are normally encouraged and asked to write, and they are both slightly freer about the structure that can be used. However, there are some fundamental differences which need to be discussed. Narrative essays tell a story, primarily – they are not there to prove or disprove a thesis. As such, they can be told in the past or present tense, and they can involve characters, people who don’t exist, and all manner of things which would not be found in another essay. Illustration essay samples, and by extension illustration essays themselves, have informal language and a more relaxed sentence structure, but they are always concerned with real and concrete ideas, which does limit what the essays themselves can be about. The main difference is that where narrative essays can be completely free in how they are structured, illustrative essays still need to make sense to anybody who is reading them; they need to connect in a way which helps people to understand the central issue, so there does need to be some semblance of structure. Structure of an Illustrative Essay and Examples to Use Another important aspect of any illustration essay is providing the most appealing, bright, mostly related to the topic illustration essay examples to win over your audience. Some features which are present in illustration paper examples are: Thesis statement – this is the most important part of the essay, as it is what the entire essay revolves around proving. It should appear first in the introduction, and then again in the conclusion, and be referred to at least once in each paragraph. Body paragraphs – these are where the meat of the essay comes in. Each paragraph should have one specific proof of why the thesis is true or false and explain it in detail while linking itself to the paragraph that came before, and the one that came after. Introduction/conclusion – these function as the opening and closing of the paper. They both sum up what is happening in the essay, and they both have the thesis statement in them. These paragraphs are what brings additional information to the essay, and what brings everything together, so they are important to have in the essays as a whole. Hypothetical examples illustrate a specific and typical type of examples yet they remain weak in showing a major illustration essay point. Typical examples are able to provide an instance of a common experience that many people had. Another type of instances that is being used is a specific type of examples. A specific example of illustration uses a personal experience or other people experience that is found to be dominant to present a key illustration essay example. Example of an Illustration Essay Illustration essay topic: How Can Students Develop Good Study Habits? Students need to develop good study habits if they are to reach their full potential in any course or degree. Good study habits are very useful for people in education, and they can be learned with enough repetition. These study habits can be learned through finding out what works for the individual student, getting into a routine, and making sure to change habits if the situation calls for it. There are a number of different study habits, so it is important for people to figure out which one works for them. While people can have to-do lists, or set deadlines, or use apps which block the time-consuming sites on our computers, it takes time to figure out what works for them individually, and what works for their education. Once people have found out what works best for them, they can practice these things until they become easier. Getting into a routine can take time, but the time is worth it. Making something into a habit can take some time, and that time can be difficult. It is difficult to take something new and make it into an established part of your day, especially if you need to use time which was spent on other things to do it. Habits are hard to form, but also hard to break, which can be useful for the future. Sometimes your needs change, and that can mean that your study habits need to change as well. If your workload increases or you take on extra shifts at work, or you move to somewhere further away from your classes, this can mean there is less time to study. If that is the case, you might find that you need to adapt your study habits to fit with the new routine you have. Sometimes our circumstances change, and we need to change with them. Good study habits are very useful for people in education, and they can be learned with enough repetition. Forming habits, finding what works for you as an individual, and making sure that you are flexible enough to change with your circumstances, are all part of what helps us to form good study habits. Ultimately, being flexible enough to find what works under different circumstances is what makes us better at studying, no matter what habits we pick up along the way.
Monday, October 21, 2019
Why did the Weimar Republic survive the crisis of 1918 1923 Essays
Why did the Weimar Republic survive the crisis of 1918 1923 Essays Why did the Weimar Republic survive the crisis of 1918 1923 Paper Why did the Weimar Republic survive the crisis of 1918 1923 Paper Essay Topic: History The Republic Many desperately serious problems faced the new Weimar Republic and its constitution between 1918 1923, as explored in the previous essay. Amazingly, the Republic survived and remained intact. It survived falling due to many solutions the Treaty of Versailles, from political, economic, left wing, and right wing problems too. These different solutions kept Germany from crumbling. In this essay, I will explore these solutions to show how and why the Weimar Republic survived the crisis of 1918 1923. The Weimar Constitution was designed as a balanced democratic settlement to bring back stability, with which every German could identify. It did result in an ersatzkaiser, and was potentially de-stabilising, but despite this, the constitution worked very well indeed. It gave German people the right to employment, and dole money (pleased the left wing) even though Germany was in great debt. It gave workers National Insurance, and hinted at Nationalisation, which would unify Germany, although the Right wing would fury. The Constitution brought Germany from autocracy to democracy; shown by everyone over 20 being allowed to vote, and gave people many social rights e. g. o be able to belong to a Union, and adapted as part of the constitution. The Constitution worked well under extreme circumstances, for example in the Kapp Putsch. Article 48 was potentially destabilising, and gave the power to be abused and become a dictator. However, Article 48 was not abused in the period 1918 1923 at all. It was used properly and as it should have been sensibly, to stabilise, and bring about order. The coalition governments that rose from the constitution frequently fell over disagreements, but there were many good points about them. They made parties feel wanted and they could all have a say on how the country was run. The parties were forced to compromise and worked as one. The Social democrats and Catholics could now play a part in the government, who were previously seen as enemies of the Reich. The president and the Reichstag were finely balanced, and so coalition governments had many hopeful points surrounding them to keep the Weimar Republic up and running, and so surviving the many crises that threatened the new Republic. So the new Republic survived problems from the constitution, mainly because there were many positive sides to it. People could work and receive money if they werent, they could vote, a change they had not yet encountered under the Kaiser. Article 48 was used properly and sensibly and the parties worked well together, so it wasnt all bad, and as this was so it kept the republic from collapsing. Although the Treaty of Versailles treated Germany more harshly than was expected, the consequences were not all bad as they first appeared. The signing of the armistice brought the war to an end before Germany could be occupied by the allies. The harshness of the treaty united Germany and every German, it became a strong united nation state. The destruction of the Austrian-Hungary Empire and Ottoman Empire created many smaller states. Germany became a large, powerful country amongst these smaller countries, in a position to dominate Eastern/Central Europe. France failed to weaken Germany permanently, and the harsh Reparations did not completely destroy the German economy. The Allies later modified the Reparation demands by the Dawes Plan. However, the French occupation of the Ruhr was beyond Germanys control. So, the Treaty bonded the country together in times of difficulty. The treaty was despised and hated, but every German was united in its hatred. Hatred wasnt directed much towards the government, the countries hatred was directed more towards the Allies. Germany became a strong country, and so self-esteem was boosted by the people knowing that their country was still as powerful, if not more in its position. So the Republic survived this crisis well.. the Treaty wasnt as bad as it could have been. The economic problems seriously undermined the regime, but the decisions made by the Government were not all bad. For example when the French occupied the Ruhr, the people supported the Government by carrying out passive resistance, and not co-operating with the French as they took over the mines. This shows loyalty to the Weimar Republic. When hyperinflation set in, there were many losers, but on the positive side there were winners too. Inflation is good for growth! Winners were those who owed money and were able to pay off debts in devalued currency, tenant farmers could keep the family alive on their goods and buy the farm for themselves, landlords could buy more real estate from the naive and desperate, and entrepreneurs could exploit cheap credit and inflated profits to create large industrial companies, (e. g. Hugo Stinnes). So, although the were losers: middle classes and those living on fixed income lost out, quite a few people would benefit and be exceedingly happy. When the new government was set up after Wilhelm Cunos fell in August 1923, a new chancellor, Stresemann, of the DVP, solved virtually all of Germanys economic problems almost instantly. Stresemann called off Passive resistance in the Ruhr, as it didnt seem to be working, stopped the printing of more worthless money, and introduced a new currency.. the Rentenmark. This new currency stabilised the German economy almost overnight. So, although many people lost out to the effects of hyperinflation and were annoyed with the new Government, people did benefit from hyperinflation. With the stability of the currency people were able to lead more of a natural life, and would be pleased with the government for taking them back to normality. For this there would not be as much resentment towards the government. Germany began to prosper, and despite the losers the people who profited (those with power Stinnes) came out better off from hyperinflation than if it had never had of taken place. So, some people would have nothing against the Government, as it brought them their fortunes, and freed people from heavy debt. The Left wing attempted to overthrow the government, but they failed. The left wing threats, for example the Spartakists, were easily put down the Army the Ebert/Groener Pact. This shows how the Left wing would have never have had a chance of turning Germany Communist, due to the strength of the army. So it would survive the crisis thanks to the army. The bad organisation on the part of Karl liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg also led to the left wing defeat they were murdered by the army too. So the Republic survived the crisis from the left due to bad organisation, and extreme left wing numbers were highly overestimated. For people only attended the rallies as they were unemployed, hungry, and many people were suffering from Spanish flu. But the people saw the KPD for what they were as they were not suffering as much as the Russians did in the Russian revolution. There was less dislocation than in the USSR too unemployment was not that serious, although people were suffering from hunger and flu in 1918. The Left wing did support the actions of the government, for example when Kapp seized power in Berlin, the left organised a general strike in Berlin and elsewhere. The Left was never strong enough to pose a serious threat to the Republic. They were overestimated and easily put down. The Left wing went into disarray in 1921 and never posed a threat from then on. Although there was a talk of a German October, The Red army in the Ruhr was easily put down by the army and so, due to the incompetence of the Left and bad organisation, they were doomed from the start and never really strong enough to take control of the Government so the Weimar Republic survived. The threat from the Right was the greatest to the new Weimar Republic, but they failed to overthrow the government, and so letting the weimar Republic survive the crises from the Right. They failed on this due to a few main reasons. The Right Wing were badly disorganised, just like the extreme Left Wing. Kapp failed to mount a successful putsch, and so was Hitler. On both occasions the army remained neutral and did not support the extremists, and they both made bad mistakes. They both failed to seize power, they were undisciplined and so the Republic survived. Ordinary people supported the government when the right went too far. For example the assassination of Walther Rathenau. 700000 people turned out to protest against the Organisation Consul, as they hated Right Wing extremism. The army, and the ites in the government never intended to overthrow the Government, as they were dreadfully afraid of a civil war. Although the judges were biased, they still removed the extreme left wing protesters and halted their attempts to seize power by sentencing the majority of them to death. The Right was very underestimated, they were the greatest threat to the Republic, but they didnt pose as much as a threat to the Republic in the years 1918 1923 as they did when Hitler was in power in the years 1932 1933. The Government did have the support of the general public, in the Kapp putsch and the Munich Putsch. Kapp was defeated by a general strike. So, although the extreme right was a formidable threat to the Weimar Republic in these early years they were not able to take control. They did have a significant amount of popular support, but the extreme right did not have majority support. It was weakened by internal divisions between Freikorps and Reichswehr, DNVP and NSDAP, and civilian politicians and paramilitaries to name but a few. These were significant factors to explain why the Kapp and Hitler Putches failed in 1920 and 1923. The Right were the biggest threat to the Weimar Republic, but they failed to seize power as they were not yet strong enough, they were divided, with no clear strategy. Every new government is meant to have a few teething problems, this began just before, and just after the Weimar Republic was set up in January 1919. The Spartakists were on the streets, the Freikorps sent in to put the unrest down. The Weimar Republic began on a bad note. It survived many crises in the years 1918 1923. It survived due to a strong constitution, the proper use of article 48, the hyperinflation, and the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles. It survived the threats from the left wing (the Spartakists) and the threats from the right (Kapp and Hitler putsches). One question would be: why and how did Weimar survive these? My answer as to be the most important factor as to why the republic survived would be because the Right wing were not yet strong enough. However it can be argued that resentment was channelled more towards the French and the Allies than towards Weimar itself, as they had imposed the harshness of the Treaty of Versailles, and the French had occupied the Ruhr and caused the inflation. Despite these effects of inflation, the workers did not suffer to the same extent as they did when there was long term mass employment after the end of the war. Businessmen and others did very well out of inflation, like Hugo Stinnes, and many other people did exceedingly well out of inflation. People could pay of debts in devalued currency, so these profiteers would not resent the government at all even though the was no clear political alternative to Weimar. Germany became more united when the Treaty of Versailles was imposed, and the government was forced to work together. Although it frequently fell, it worked together and pulled through all the problems it faced (Kapp Putsch). The Left wing didnt pose much of a threat, it was put down easily when they did protest and the numbers were much much smaller than was predicted. The left never stood a chance to take the Government, they had not yet recovered from its divisions and suppression in the years 1918 1921. But the Right were the biggest threat to democracy. As argued in the previous question the right was the biggest problem to the Republic, but they could not take control so early. The Right was strong and powerful, they had big business and the Army on their side, not to mention the civil service and judiciary. The Right was much stronger and powerful than was predicted. However, despite the right being the strongest threat to the Weimar Republic, they failed to take power. In the years 1918 1923 the right were not yet strong enough. This was shown in the Kapp Putsch, they seized power but fled after 4 days. They were divided and had no clear strategy and were unorganised. There were internal divisions between Freikorps and Reichswehr, DNVP and NSDAP etc etc. They failed to seize power as they were unorganised, and they did lack majority support. It was a miracle that the Weimar Republic survived all of these crisis, but I believe strongly that if the Right wing were more organised, and had more of a clear strategy and removed all of the internal divisions in the years 1918 1923, then they could have easily have seized power and removed those in the Weimar Republic. The Right were a formidable threat to the weimar Republic, and although they did fail to take control in the years 1918 1923, they were the biggest threat, and the most powerful underestimated force that the Government should have dealt with before they started on the extreme left. So, the Weimar Republic survived the crisis of 1918 1923, due to a strong, divided right wing with no clear strategy, not yet ready to seize power.
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Always Remember To Smile
Always Remember To Smile If you are still thinking about when either happened, then you belong to the large majority who have long turned into mechanical robots or transformed into zombies. These pseudo humans either have hollow laughter that reeks of howling or have to make do with plastic smiles etched to perfection! (Well, at least most of the time, although the etching artist could give the Joker a run for this evil grin) I don’t blame them; in this time it’s always welcome. Haven’t you noticed that you always like the person who’s got a genuine smile or a sense of humour that evokes ringing laughter? There’s an enigma surrounding a smile or a laugh, which attracts people like a flame draws out the fireflies. It’s irresistible in its uncouth charm; effusing one with a deep breath of life, a wonder drug that always works. Phyllis Diller couldn’t have said it any better than this – â€Å"Smile is a curve that sets everything straight.†So wha t puts a smile on a face? Or causes someone to burst into fits of laughter? Is it really that hard to comprehend? Or is it beyond the scope of our comprehension? I’ve seen beaming smiles resulting from something so trivial that it wouldn’t be noticed if one wasn’t looking for it. Let me run through my list – A packet of biscuits cracks a smile in the local street urchin
Friday, October 18, 2019
Law of Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3
Law of Evidence - Essay Example This is often done to preserve some fundamental elements of the constitutional conventions and legal traditions that have been preserved for generations in English law. This paper will examine the circumstances under which the burden of proof is reversed from the accuser to the accused. It will also identify how the court rationalise their decisions in these circumstances and situations. A tradition upheld in English legal tradition is that an individual is innocent until proven guilty in criminal proceedings. This is the concept of the presumption of innocence which means that the burden of proof will be on the prosecution rather than the accused. This was made in the landmark ruling of Woolmington V DPP2 where the precedence was set for prosecutors to prove that a person had broken the law before any proceeding could commence in criminal law. The case of Woolmington V DPP indicated that the prosecution has two burdens of proof, evidential burden of proof and legal burden of proof3. The evidential burden of proof is the sensible proposition to assert there is a matter fit for the accused person to be prosecuted. However, that does not prevent the prosecution from presenting evidence during the actual trial. The evidential burden of proof is to ensure that a person arrested on a given charge is actually in breach of a valid law of the land. Evidential burden is meant to ensure that there is a compelling reason for the prosecution to go ahead. It is about the ability to link the accused to what s/he is actually being accused for. During the hearings, the prosecution must present evidence to support the claims on the basis of the points of law, presented by the judge. In other words, when examining the English legal system, it is apparent that cases are presented to judges who present the facts to the jury who in turn scrutinize the facts and come up with a verdict. Thus, evidential proof and
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